電磁流量計(jì)10L25-QEHA1AA0A4AA
PH檢測(cè)儀CPM223-PR0005+CPF81-LH31C2
PH檢測(cè)儀CPM223-PR0005+CPK9-NHAIA+CPS11-2BA2ESA
污泥界面儀CM442-AAM1A1F010A+CUS71D-AA1A
懸浮物檢測(cè)儀CUM223-TU0005+CUS31-A2A
電導(dǎo)率分析儀CM14-AAK+CLS15D-A1M1+CYK10-A051
電導(dǎo)率分析儀CM14-AAK+CLS15D-B1M1+CYK10-A051
溶解氧分析儀CM14-AA0+COS22D-AA3A2B22+CYK10-A051
硅分析儀CA71SI-A10B3A1
硅分析儀CA71SI-B20D3A1
PH分析儀CM14-AAM+CPS11D-7AS21+CYK10-A051
FMX21-AA251GGD10A+PO
FMX167A1AME1C752006153
FMX167A1AMD1A752006153
E+H壓力傳感器配件 生活水箱液位計(jì) 液位測(cè)量探頭
E+H 流量計(jì)FMU90 FDU91 CLD132 80F50 90WA1 FTL260
E+H CPM253 CUM253-TU0005/
E+H分析PH、氧化還原、電導(dǎo)率、溶解氧、余氯、濁度 E+H電極 CPS11D-7BA21 CPS11D-7BT21
超聲波物位計(jì):FMP51-BCACCDLAA4AHJ+AI
Prosonic T FMU230,FMU231,FMU232、Prosonic M FMU40,FMU41,FMU42,FMU43
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40 - ANB2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40-1RB2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40-4NB2C4
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40-4RB2C2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40-ARB2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40-ARD2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU40-ARG1A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-1NB2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-1RB2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-4RB2C2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-ANB2A4
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-ARB1A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-ARB2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-ARB2A4
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-ARG1A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU41-ARG2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-4SB2C22A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-4SB2C43A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-AMB2A43A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-APB2A22A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-APG2A22A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-ASB2A42A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU42-ASH1A22A
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU43-2SG2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU43-AMG2A3
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU43-APG1A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU43-APG2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU43-APG2A2
E+H超聲波物位計(jì)FMU43-APH2A2
Prosonic S FDU91-91F-92-93-95-96、Prosonic S FMU90、Pro
BR14.X3WA1GP1 (-1...+1bar)SN63.XXABVDMAXVEGA SN62.XXAGHKMAX 0.4~8MPMC41-RE12MBH11R1BI10-M30-AD4X E2E-X20MD1NI15-M30-AP6XE2E-X14MD1GDGW51-PBYPABAMX L=1ME3S-R67 FMD630-KS4F2EA1CQ1[L3]BAR66XXGGBP1DHAMA L=12mPMC1331IZ-1B1F2962F1T(GT2)PMC133IZ-1B1F2962GN1(GT2)PMC133IZ-1B1F2962F13(GT2)PMC535-13BA2P6G1GT(0-1MPA)PMP48-RE13M2H2EKH1(0-400KPa)PMC133-1R1F2P6F3ZT(-0.1-0Mpa)P30 - 10012PMD235-KB4D2EB2C PMC41-RE11P2J11R1G0L3TPMC534-11FA2P6TFMD630-KS4F2EA1CQ2[L3]PMC534-11EA2F6[T]PMC133-1R1F2F6[T]PMC531-D20A2P6F14(T)DB101-G1TE205M H=5M L=5M PMC731-R31C2H1R1[T]PMC531-D50A2P6F1ZTP41-P100A29PMC41-RC11M2J11A1PMC41-RE11C1A11M1P30 - 10012PMC45-RE11F2H1AL1PS61.XXAGPHANAX VEGABAR66XXBGBP1DHAMAPS61.XXBAEHKMXXPS65.XXKGPHKMXXPMD235-KH4D2EB1CPMP41 RE13P2H21T1PMC41-RE11F2H21T1PMD235-KH4F2EB1CSWING63.DANAVXUR L=150mmVEGACL63.XXFGDHKMXX L=1400mmVEGA PULS68.CXEGD2HKMXXPMC133-1R1F2P6G1K (0-2MPA)VEGA FX62.XXAGD-1HKMXXSON62.XXANHDMXX (0--5.3米 4--20MA輸出 )PS68.XXEFK2HAMAXSN63.XXABVDMAXPS61.XXARBHKMXXPS61.XXARBHKMAXP30-20006P30-20008P30-23005PMC41-RE11SBR11R1PMC133-1B1F2P3F3V(-10-0.1MPA)P41-P200A40DB101-G1TE205ZF I=8 D=1 H=8VIB61.XXAGDRKMXPMC41-RE11F2H21T1 0-100KPAPMC41-RE15H2H11T1PMD235-XH4A2EA1A[G0T] 0-14MPAPMC531-D25G2P3-----[GT]PMP41-RE23P2J11G1SON65.XXAFPVDMXXVEGA SWING61.CAICVXMNXFPMC45-RE11F1A1AG1 PMC45-RE11F2B1AG1 PMC531-D50A2P6G1GT 0-1MPPMC534-11FA2P6F10T 0-100KPPMP131A2101A1GA9PMC41-RE15H2H11T1 PMD235-KH4A2EA1A[G0] PMD235-KB4F2EB1A G0L3T2PMC41-RE11M2J21T1 PMC41-RE11P2J21T1 FLX61.DX(A)GC1HDMAX L=7.9米(纜式 )PMC531-D50A2P6F1ZT P41-P200A38 0-0.6MPAPMC531-D50A2P6F1ZT 量程0-60KPPS68.CXEGD2HANAX FLEX62.XXAFE1HAMX FLEX61-CXAAL1HKMXX L=3MPS65.XXKNPHKMXXSWING61.XXGAVXMTL VIB61.XXAGDRKMX PS68.XXEGD2HKMXX PMD235-KB4A2EB1C[G0]PMC41-RE11F2J11R1PMP41-RC13P2A11T1PMP41-RC13Z2A11T1PMC41-RE11S2R11M1 PMP48-RE13M2H2EKH1(0-400KPa)PMC731-R41C2H1T1TPULS66.XXHFK2VDMAX PMC535-13BA2P6G1GWIDEPLUS HP6500PMC534-11EA2P6G2FT(0--0.6MPa絕壓)PMC45-RE15H2H1AL1VEGABAR66XXBGBP1DHAMA L=6.5米PMC133-1R1F2F6[T]PMD235-XB4D2EB1C[T2] BR14.X1FA1GP1(0...10bar)BR14.X3WA1GP1 (-1...+1bar)DB101-G1TE205ZF I=8 D=1 H=8SN63.XXABVDMAXPMC535-13BA2P6-----(0-1MPA)PMD235-KB4H2EB1CPMD235-KB4H2EB1CPMP41-IE27H2J191 PMP41-IC11C2J11A1PMC41-RE21S2J1191PMC41-RE21S2J11A1FMP250-E5E1XCJAA2KVEGA SN62.XXAGHKMAX 0.4~8MPMC41-RE12MBH11R1 BI10-M30-AD4X E2E-X20MD1NI15-M30-AP6XE2E-X14MD1GDGW51-PBYPABAMX L=1ME3S-R67 FMD630-KS4F2EA1CQ1[L3]BAR66XXGGBP1DHAMA L=12mPMC1331IZ-1B1F2962F1T(GT2)PMC133IZ-1B1F2962GN1(GT2)PMC133IZ-1B1F2962F13(GT2)PMC535-13BA2P6G1GT(0-1MPA)PMP48-RE13M2H2EKH1(0-400KPa)PMC133-1R1F2P6F3ZT(-0.1-0Mpa)
VEGA測(cè)量范圍大: 超聲波傳感器VEGASON61、VEGASON62、VEGASON63、VEGASON64、VEGASON65、VEGASON66適于測(cè)量液體介質(zhì)和固體介質(zhì)。這幾種儀表的區(qū)別在于:測(cè)量范圍、探頭的形式和過(guò)程連接。通過(guò)不同的發(fā)射頻率,最大測(cè)量范圍可以從5米至70米。探頭和過(guò)程連接采用穩(wěn)定的材料,可以測(cè)量腐蝕性介質(zhì)。對(duì)于VEGASON63還可以選用一個(gè)非常實(shí)用方便的龍門(mén)框來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)傳感器的方向。 VEGASON64、VEGASON65、VEGASON66可以通過(guò)萬(wàn)向節(jié)安裝對(duì)準(zhǔn)介質(zhì)表面。 對(duì)于VEGASON64…66可以有四種不同的安裝類型: VEGAA型:一體式,發(fā)蘭型 VEGA型:一體式,安裝萬(wàn)向節(jié) VEGAC型:分體式,安裝萬(wàn)向節(jié) VEGAD型:分體式,螺紋安裝 PULS61.XXAGPHAMXX(此系列量程0...20米,溫度:-40℃...80℃,壓力-1...30bar) PULS62.XXDAM5HKNAX(此系列量程0...35米,溫度-40...200℃,壓力-1...40bar) PS63.XXPAKHKMXX (此系列量程0...20米,溫度-200℃...150℃,壓力-1...16bar) PS65.CXLGDHAMXX(此系列量程0...35米,溫度-40℃...150℃,壓力-1...16bar) PULS66.XXHFK2VDMXX (此系列量程0...35米,溫度-40℃...400℃,壓力-1...160bar) PS67.XXBXCHAMXX(此系列量程0...15米,溫度-40℃...80℃,壓力-1...3bar) PULS68.XXEGD2HKMAX(此系列量程0...70米,溫度-40℃...200℃,壓力-1...40bar) SON61.XXAGHKNAX(此系列量程液體0.25...5米/固體0.25...2米,溫度-40℃...80℃,壓力-0.2...2bar) SON62.XXAGHKNAX (此系列量程液體0.4...8米/固體0.4...3.5米,溫度-40℃...80℃,壓力-0.2...2bar) SON63.XXAXHKMAX(此系列量程液體0.6...15米/固體0.6...7米,溫度-40℃...80℃,壓力-0.2...1bar) SON64.GXALPVDMAX (此系列量程液體1...25米/固體1...15米,溫度-40℃...80℃,壓力-0.2...0.5bar) SON65.XXBASVDMX(此系列量程液體0.8...45米/固體0.8...25米,溫度-40℃...80℃,壓力-0.2...0.5bar) FLEX61.XXCGD2HAMAX(此系列量程線纜可測(cè)范圍0...32米,探桿可測(cè)0...4米,溫度-40℃...150℃,壓力-1...40bar) FLEX62.XXAGDIHDMX (此系列量程線纜可測(cè)范圍0...60米,探桿可測(cè)0...6米,溫度-40℃...150℃,壓力-1...40bar) FLEX63.XXBFDFKMAX(此系列量程線纜可測(cè)范圍0...32米,探桿可測(cè)0...4米,溫度-40℃...150℃,壓力-1...16bar)
電話:05 92-510 759 2 傳真:059 2-514 3 540 郵箱:da lis0 01@126.com 達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q:16 9 311 86 77網(wǎng)站:http://www.xmdalis.com菲尼克斯模塊1208199 CF1000-1,5230V1208209 CF1000-1,5120V1201280 NS32CU/120QMMUNPERF2000MM2838924 CHECKMASTER5147777 BLUEMARKX15146147 THERMOMARKW20811422 GPA/SK610X610X1,5...1205516 CF3000-2,5120V5020658 SORTI4/125031524 SORTI4/241205477 CF3000-2,51658228 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-EU0811419 GPA/SK610X610X0,8...0806518 GPK/SK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806563 GPK/SK610X610X1,5SR/BK0806589 GPK/SK610X610X1,5...1658231 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-US0806437 GPK/SK610X610X0,8WH/BK0806482 GPK/SK610X610X0,8SR/BK0806505 GPK/SK610X610X0,8...2780894 IBSSOFTWARELICENCESLAVE5605942 RAD-SOL-SET-24-605606285 RAD-SOL-SET-24-802885472 RAD-SOL-SET-24-1000811435 GPA610X610X1,5...5605941 RAD-SOL-SET-24-405020438 SORTI3/82916668 VISU+RT-DPROXT2913360 VMT5017PM2885650 RAD-ISM-2400-REP-SET-BD-BUS5020645 SORTI3/75028731 SORTI3/183009176 UKH95-PE/N1201895 NS35/15CUUNPERF2000MM1201358 NS32CU/35QMMUNPERF2000MM0811406 GPA610X610X0,8...2700803 S-MAX417CEPN0806356 GPK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806424 GPK610X610X1,5...2700573 S-MAX415CEPN2985877 VISU+RTPROXT2700586 S-MAX412CEPN1208348 CF500-230V1208351 CF500-120V0806592 GPK610X610X0,8...2737407 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKITE2737575 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKIT2900616 VMT5015PM1,1DE2900629 VMT5015PM1,1EN5605992 VLC-PDK-CIT-USB2130198 UHV240-KH/KH2893914 PPC5315PMDE2893927 PPC5315PMEN2900603 VMT5015PM1,12900645 VMT5015SMDE2900658 VMT5015SMEN2893969 PPC5115PM1,1DE2893972 PPC5115PM1,1EN2916600 RFC470PN3TX5020674 SORTI2/120202303 LB100-6BU0202316 LB100-6RD0202345 LB100-6GY3121025 GTF76/482700609 S-MAX400CEPNMC2893901 PPC5315PM2900674 PPC5015PM1,1DE2900687 PPC5015PM1,1EN2916558 VISU+RT-DPRO0811794 GPEGSO2867270 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867490 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-AU2885126 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-NZ0201650 FBI100-61206829 CUTFOX101206832 CUTFOX10120V0301563 ISSBI100-6-MBT2,53001459 PS-UK3-5/Z-53001462 PS-UK3-5/Z-65147007 THERMOMARKW12877309 S-MAXSWBKWPBCODN2700829 S-MAX400CEPNII2730271 IBSPCIDDK2900632 VMT5015SM2895530 PPC5115PM1,12886976 TP121T/011750322900360 PPC5315SMDE2900373 PPC5315SMEN2867733 RAD-ISM-2400-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867089 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS2867487 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-AU2885113 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-NZ3063057 KEL24/43063060 KEL24/53063073 KEL24/73063086 KEL24/100808561 GPK500X500X0,8WH/BK2900661 PPC5015PM1,12130143 UHV240-KH/AS2130347 UHV240-KH/M16電話:05 92-510 759 2 傳真:059 2-514 3 540 郵箱:da lis0 01@126.com 達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q:16 9 311 86 77網(wǎng)站:http://www.xmdalis.com菲尼克斯模塊1208199 CF1000-1,5230V1208209 CF1000-1,5120V1201280 NS32CU/120QMMUNPERF2000MM2838924 CHECKMASTER5147777 BLUEMARKX15146147 THERMOMARKW20811422 GPA/SK610X610X1,5...1205516 CF3000-2,5120V5020658 SORTI4/125031524 SORTI4/241205477 CF3000-2,51658228 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-EU0811419 GPA/SK610X610X0,8...0806518 GPK/SK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806563 GPK/SK610X610X1,5SR/BK0806589 GPK/SK610X610X1,5...1658231 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-US0806437 GPK/SK610X610X0,8WH/BK0806482 GPK/SK610X610X0,8SR/BK0806505 GPK/SK610X610X0,8...2780894 IBSSOFTWARELICENCESLAVE5605942 RAD-SOL-SET-24-605606285 RAD-SOL-SET-24-802885472 RAD-SOL-SET-24-1000811435 GPA610X610X1,5...5605941 RAD-SOL-SET-24-405020438 SORTI3/82916668 VISU+RT-DPROXT2913360 VMT5017PM2885650 RAD-ISM-2400-REP-SET-BD-BUS5020645 SORTI3/75028731 SORTI3/183009176 UKH95-PE/N1201895 NS35/15CUUNPERF2000MM1201358 NS32CU/35QMMUNPERF2000MM0811406 GPA610X610X0,8...2700803 S-MAX417CEPN0806356 GPK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806424 GPK610X610X1,5...2700573 S-MAX415CEPN2985877 VISU+RTPROXT2700586 S-MAX412CEPN1208348 CF500-230V1208351 CF500-120V0806592 GPK610X610X0,8...2737407 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKITE2737575 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKIT2900616 VMT5015PM1,1DE2900629 VMT5015PM1,1EN5605992 VLC-PDK-CIT-USB2130198 UHV240-KH/KH2893914 PPC5315PMDE2893927 PPC5315PMEN2900603 VMT5015PM1,12900645 VMT5015SMDE2900658 VMT5015SMEN2893969 PPC5115PM1,1DE2893972 PPC5115PM1,1EN2916600 RFC470PN3TX5020674 SORTI2/120202303 LB100-6BU0202316 LB100-6RD0202345 LB100-6GY3121025 GTF76/482700609 S-MAX400CEPNMC2893901 PPC5315PM2900674 PPC5015PM1,1DE2900687 PPC5015PM1,1EN2916558 VISU+RT-DPRO0811794 GPEGSO2867270 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867490 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-AU2885126 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-NZ0201650 FBI100-61206829 CUTFOX101206832 CUTFOX10120V0301563 ISSBI100-6-MBT2,53001459 PS-UK3-5/Z-53001462 PS-UK3-5/Z-65147007 THERMOMARKW12877309 S-MAXSWBKWPBCODN2700829 S-MAX400CEPNII2730271 IBSPCIDDK2900632 VMT5015SM2895530 PPC5115PM1,12886976 TP121T/011750322900360 PPC5315SMDE2900373 PPC5315SMEN2867733 RAD-ISM-2400-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867089 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS2867487 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-AU2885113 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-NZ3063057 KEL24/43063060 KEL24/53063073 KEL24/73063086 KEL24/100808561 GPK500X500X0,8WH/BK2900661 PPC5015PM1,12130143 UHV240-KH/AS2130347 UHV240-KH/M16
ZTE launches PowerMaster ONE solutions
During the exhibition, ZTE energy solutions expert Huang Yuanhua published "Green & Magic Energy Box, ZTE New Generation Hybrid Solution-PowerMaster ONE keynote speech, the development trend of power supply based on hybrid communication energy, focusing on PowerMaster ONE scheme in solving the problem of the lack of electricity supply site area, through innovative design concepts and technologies to help clients achieve the maximum value of interest, especially in the background of telecom operators gradually sell assets to PASSIVE infrastructure operators, PowerMaster ONE scheme can meet the site from a single user power supply to the power supply smooth expansion and upgrading, effectively avoid the unique advantage of customers' investment losses.中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
ZTE energy solutions expert Li Weibo published on the theme of "An Innovative Energy Management the System for Telecom Energy Network", showing the energy management scheme for iEnergy networks based on cloud technology, presents ZTE energy products in the field of network energy management中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜rgy industry, ZTE is continuously innovating in the energy field, and is committed to continuously introducing products and programs that satisfy customers. There are many market application cases in the world.
“蓄電池備電+移動(dòng)油機(jī)應(yīng)急發(fā)電”是有市電區(qū)域最基本的基站后備動(dòng)力保障配置方案。對(duì)于頻繁需要上站應(yīng)急發(fā)電的基站疊加小功率太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng),可大幅降低應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本,并持續(xù)獲得電費(fèi)節(jié)省,投資回報(bào)周期小于3年。傳統(tǒng)疊光方案存在太陽(yáng)能利用不充分、影響電池充電管理等問(wèn)題,采用兼容太陽(yáng)能輸入的開(kāi)關(guān)電源系統(tǒng)疊光,可以低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)高收益。支持疊光的
通信電源系統(tǒng)有利于在運(yùn)維期間動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整配置,針對(duì)應(yīng)急發(fā)電上站次數(shù)較多的基站實(shí)施疊光,能最小化疊光投資,在提高動(dòng)力保障的同時(shí)長(zhǎng)期節(jié)省電費(fèi)和應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本。
一、電池和應(yīng)急發(fā)電問(wèn)題多,成為斷站因素
隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)快速發(fā)展,人們生活已經(jīng)離不開(kāi)網(wǎng)絡(luò),需要無(wú)處不在的移動(dòng)寬帶;痉(wěn)定運(yùn)行是通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)高可用的基礎(chǔ),由于停電不可避免,基站需要有合理的后備動(dòng)力保障方案。蓄電池+移動(dòng)油機(jī)是最常用的后備動(dòng)力保障方式,停電時(shí)由蓄電池支持基站工作,當(dāng)蓄電池容量不足時(shí),調(diào)派移動(dòng)油機(jī)上站發(fā)電,保障基站運(yùn)行不中斷。
由于居民對(duì)噪聲的普遍反對(duì),以及站點(diǎn)所在建筑物出入管理原因,實(shí)際上城市站點(diǎn)很難上站應(yīng)急發(fā)電;農(nóng)村站點(diǎn)發(fā)電距離遠(yuǎn)、高山站上站困難,應(yīng)急發(fā)電保障度困難。通過(guò)對(duì)基站通信中斷原因分析,平均57%網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷與基站配套相關(guān),停電是引起網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷的要因。
以某市某運(yùn)營(yíng)商3453個(gè)站點(diǎn)為例,高山站無(wú)法應(yīng)急發(fā)電的有195個(gè),業(yè)主原因經(jīng)常無(wú)法上站發(fā)電的有2004個(gè),無(wú)法用移動(dòng)油機(jī)保障的站點(diǎn)占比高達(dá)64%。該運(yùn)營(yíng)商單月停電2771站次,由于停電原因發(fā)生斷站1923次,停電斷站率高達(dá)69%。停電斷站涉及1322站點(diǎn),平均每站斷站時(shí)長(zhǎng)高達(dá)2.1小時(shí)。應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)802次,停電發(fā)電比例29%,其中包括40次應(yīng)急發(fā)電不及時(shí)導(dǎo)致基站運(yùn)行中斷。由此可見(jiàn),停電后不能應(yīng)急發(fā)電或應(yīng)急發(fā)電不及時(shí)是造成通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷的因素。
二、蓄電池+移動(dòng)油機(jī),后備動(dòng)力保障成本很高
在基站容量一定的條件下,蓄電池容量取決于后備時(shí)長(zhǎng)要求,后備時(shí)長(zhǎng)必須大于應(yīng)急發(fā)電上站時(shí)間,并留有足夠的余量。對(duì)于頻繁停電的基站,如果具備小型固定油機(jī)安裝條件,可安裝固定油機(jī),不具備固定油機(jī)安裝條件的基站,適當(dāng)增配電池,如郊縣、農(nóng)村、山區(qū)備電時(shí)長(zhǎng)可分別增至5、7、10小時(shí)。對(duì)于通信負(fù)載平均功率為2kW的站點(diǎn),備電7小時(shí)需要配置一組500Ah蓄電池,電池成本很高。移動(dòng)油機(jī)作為應(yīng)急保障電源,停電時(shí)安排發(fā)電人員上站發(fā)電,即使應(yīng)急發(fā)電人員尚未到達(dá)站點(diǎn)時(shí)市電已恢復(fù),也需要支付應(yīng)急發(fā)電費(fèi)用。
應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本包括上站人工費(fèi)用、發(fā)電油費(fèi)、移動(dòng)油機(jī)攤銷(xiāo)成本。上站人工費(fèi)用與當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力成本相關(guān),一般在300元/次左右;發(fā)電燃油成本與發(fā)電時(shí)長(zhǎng)、耗油率相關(guān),一般平均每次發(fā)電消耗50元左右燃油;移動(dòng)油機(jī)攤銷(xiāo)成本包括油機(jī)折舊、油機(jī)維護(hù)成本分?jǐn),平均每次發(fā)電分?jǐn)?0元左右。農(nóng)村站點(diǎn)是停電高發(fā)區(qū)域,平均月上站次數(shù)可能超過(guò)一次,按應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本每次380元計(jì),如果每月發(fā)電一次,每年單站應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本4560元,發(fā)電成本很高。
減少停電斷站、提高通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量是通信動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)建設(shè)與維護(hù)的要?jiǎng)?wù)。不論是增配蓄電池延長(zhǎng)備電時(shí)長(zhǎng)、提高應(yīng)急上站發(fā)電次數(shù)、安裝固定油機(jī)等,都可以降低停電斷站率,提高通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量。由于蓄電池成本很高,增加1小時(shí)備電時(shí)長(zhǎng)平均每站每年需要投入400元左右;每增加1次應(yīng)急上站發(fā)電需增加380元左右;安裝固定油機(jī)一次性投入成本很高。不論是電信運(yùn)營(yíng)商還是鐵塔運(yùn)營(yíng)商,都需要有以較低成本提高保障質(zhì)量的解決方案。
三、站點(diǎn)疊光,低成本提高供電質(zhì)量、降低運(yùn)維成本中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
站點(diǎn)疊光方案,指在站點(diǎn)電源基礎(chǔ)上疊加太陽(yáng)能,安裝僅滿足通信負(fù)載功率需求的太陽(yáng)能電池板,優(yōu)先使用太陽(yáng)能供電的方案。太陽(yáng)能是可再生能源典型代表,疊加太陽(yáng)能可降低站點(diǎn)電費(fèi)。例如,對(duì)于平均直流負(fù)載功率為2kW的站點(diǎn),假設(shè)日照時(shí)數(shù)為4小時(shí)(全國(guó)省會(huì)城市貴陽(yáng)最低2.84小時(shí)、拉薩最高6.7小時(shí),一半以上超過(guò)4小時(shí)),采用疊光方案可年省電2920度,需要安裝約2.5kWp的太陽(yáng)能電池板?蛻舨少(gòu)太陽(yáng)能電池板、太陽(yáng)能模塊及其安裝服務(wù)成本為22000元,如果電價(jià)為1元/度,則疊光方案的投資回報(bào)周期為7.5年左右,決策投資相對(duì)困難。
疊光后,如果基站停電發(fā)生在有日照的時(shí)段,可以不需要應(yīng)急發(fā)電。由于深夜通信業(yè)務(wù)較少、夜晚上站發(fā)電相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)等因素,實(shí)際很少夜間發(fā)電。此外,由于移動(dòng)油機(jī)普遍不防雨且室內(nèi)發(fā)電危險(xiǎn),雨天一般也不發(fā)電。因此,應(yīng)急發(fā)電多在沒(méi)有下雨的白天進(jìn)行,該時(shí)間段太陽(yáng)能可用概率很高,即使陰天太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電量很少,也可延長(zhǎng)電池備電時(shí)長(zhǎng)。經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)算,采用疊光方案的站點(diǎn),可以減少80%以上上站應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本,并降低由于應(yīng)急發(fā)電不及時(shí)帶來(lái)的斷站風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
例如,某市某運(yùn)營(yíng)商共432個(gè)基站,2014年12月份發(fā)電77次,只有一次為夜間發(fā)電,發(fā)電次數(shù)TOP 10基站平均發(fā)電15.64小時(shí),平均發(fā)電次數(shù)3.8次,最長(zhǎng)一次發(fā)電時(shí)長(zhǎng)僅5.42小時(shí),發(fā)電時(shí)長(zhǎng)相對(duì)平均。在相同應(yīng)急保障條件下,對(duì)于應(yīng)急發(fā)電TOP 10站點(diǎn)具備安裝太陽(yáng)能電池板條件的,可采用疊光措施,假定減少應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)比例為80%,單站一個(gè)月可以節(jié)省上站費(fèi)用1155元。由于12月份并非停電高峰,評(píng)估單站一年可節(jié)省1.4萬(wàn)元以上發(fā)電費(fèi)用,遠(yuǎn)比省電價(jià)值更大,投資回報(bào)周期僅1.3年左右。如果批量采用疊光方案,還可能獲得國(guó)家和地方政府財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼,如浙江省對(duì)于太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電量每度補(bǔ)貼0.42元,可以進(jìn)一步降低投資回報(bào)周期。由于應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本以人工費(fèi)用為主,人工費(fèi)用呈長(zhǎng)期上升趨勢(shì),隨著應(yīng)用時(shí)間的增加,疊光方案回報(bào)越來(lái)越高。
3~5年是合理的投資回報(bào)周期,按示例,疊光方案總投資2.2萬(wàn)元,只要每年節(jié)省超過(guò)4400元,就值得投資。一個(gè)2kW站點(diǎn)年省電按2920元計(jì),只需要能年節(jié)省1480元應(yīng)急發(fā)電費(fèi)用即可滿足5年投資回報(bào)要求。按每次發(fā)電成本380元計(jì),對(duì)于年上站應(yīng)急發(fā)電需求4次以上的站點(diǎn),都值得投資疊光方案。如果太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電可獲得補(bǔ)貼,如0.42元/度,每年補(bǔ)貼1226元,加之站點(diǎn)都或多或少存在應(yīng)急發(fā)電需求,對(duì)所有具備安裝太陽(yáng)能條件的站點(diǎn)普遍疊光,會(huì)具備非常好的投資回報(bào)。一個(gè)單運(yùn)營(yíng)商2G/4G站點(diǎn)或兩個(gè)運(yùn)營(yíng)商單制式共享站典型負(fù)載平均功率接近2kW,可配置一個(gè)3kW太陽(yáng)能模塊和9×250Wp太陽(yáng)能電池板,只需要凈占地面積13平米。當(dāng)安裝面積不足時(shí),可以欠配安裝,如只安裝1.5kW太陽(yáng)能電池板,停電時(shí)不足的功率由電池補(bǔ)充,使原來(lái)只能備電3小時(shí)的站點(diǎn)(300Ah電池)在陽(yáng)光較好時(shí)備電時(shí)長(zhǎng)延長(zhǎng)至12小時(shí)以上,同樣能大幅減少應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)。
四、傳統(tǒng)疊光方案,電池管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)需要謹(jǐn)慎控制
傳統(tǒng)疊光方案指在站點(diǎn)內(nèi)增加一套獨(dú)立的太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng),太陽(yáng)能模塊輸出的直流電直接與存量開(kāi)關(guān)電源直流輸出并聯(lián),太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)與開(kāi)關(guān)電源互相獨(dú)立。由于需要優(yōu)先使用太陽(yáng)能,太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)輸出的開(kāi)路電壓應(yīng)高于開(kāi)關(guān)電源。對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)疊光方案來(lái)說(shuō),太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)輸出電壓設(shè)置非常關(guān)鍵,不合適的設(shè)置會(huì)導(dǎo)致部分甚至全部太陽(yáng)能被浪費(fèi)。當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)電源或太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)電壓測(cè)量電路出現(xiàn)偏差時(shí),也可能發(fā)生同樣的結(jié)果。此外,開(kāi)關(guān)電源均充時(shí),由于電源輸出電壓更高,這段時(shí)間內(nèi)太陽(yáng)能無(wú)法被利用。
開(kāi)關(guān)電源具備蓄電池管理功能,能限制最大充電電流以保護(hù)蓄電池使用壽命。當(dāng)太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)輸出電壓高于設(shè)置值時(shí),過(guò)高的電壓使電池過(guò)充。由于疊加的太陽(yáng)能功率大于負(fù)載功率是常態(tài),在蓄電池需要充電時(shí),多余的太陽(yáng)能功率也會(huì)對(duì)電池進(jìn)行充電,使電池充電電流大于開(kāi)關(guān)電源設(shè)定的充電限流值,蓄電池實(shí)際充電電流與開(kāi)關(guān)電源系統(tǒng)測(cè)量值不一致,不利于蓄電池充電管理。
開(kāi)關(guān)電源都有溫度補(bǔ)償功能,電池溫度補(bǔ)償范圍為±2V,由于開(kāi)關(guān)電源溫度補(bǔ)償功能無(wú)法與太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)關(guān)聯(lián),溫度降低時(shí)電源浮充電壓升高,導(dǎo)致太陽(yáng)能浪費(fèi),而溫度升高時(shí)太陽(yáng)能輸出電壓不變,使電池加速充電失水。如果取消開(kāi)關(guān)電源溫度補(bǔ)償功能,太陽(yáng)能可以得到充分應(yīng)用,但會(huì)影響蓄電池使用壽命。
為了充分利用太陽(yáng)能,保護(hù)電池壽命,對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)疊光方案需要準(zhǔn)確配置太陽(yáng)能電池板數(shù)量,謹(jǐn)慎設(shè)置太陽(yáng)能系統(tǒng)和開(kāi)關(guān)電源電壓,并取消電池溫度補(bǔ)償功能,在溫度變化不大的室內(nèi)站點(diǎn)使用。
五、電源兼容太陽(yáng)能,消除電池管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
隨著電力電子技術(shù)與數(shù)字信息技術(shù)融合發(fā)展,電源模塊控制芯片內(nèi)含軟件和算法,使硬件功能可由軟件定義,稱為軟電源(SDP,Software Defined Power),可以很方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)不同功能模塊兼容。太陽(yáng)能模塊與整流模塊兼容就是典型的軟電源特性,采用兼容太陽(yáng)能的開(kāi)關(guān)電源系統(tǒng),就能在任何合適的站點(diǎn)在電源模塊位置插入太陽(yáng)能模塊,不需要采購(gòu)獨(dú)立的太陽(yáng)能控制系統(tǒng),除了太陽(yáng)能電池板采購(gòu)及安裝費(fèi)用外,只需要從開(kāi)關(guān)電源廠家購(gòu)買(mǎi)一個(gè)太陽(yáng)能模塊即可。
由于太陽(yáng)能模塊與整流模塊兼容,通過(guò)同一個(gè)監(jiān)控模塊控制,不論太陽(yáng)能功率大小,也不論蓄電池需求電壓高或低,都會(huì)優(yōu)先調(diào)度使用太陽(yáng)能,使太陽(yáng)能全部得到利用。太陽(yáng)能模塊和整流模塊的輸出電壓統(tǒng)一控制,并與中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜電池溫度補(bǔ)償同步,蓄電池充放電管理功能完全不受影響。山西鐵塔聯(lián)合華為試點(diǎn)MTS站點(diǎn)電源疊光,疊光工程量就是安裝太陽(yáng)能電池板的工作量,系統(tǒng)不需要調(diào)試就成功投產(chǎn)。因此,部署站點(diǎn)時(shí)宜優(yōu)選支持疊光功能的電源系統(tǒng),引導(dǎo)全行業(yè)電源向多功能兼容方向發(fā)展。對(duì)于存量宜疊光站點(diǎn),如果存量電源不是高效電源且無(wú)法直接替換高效模塊,優(yōu)先采用多功能高效電源改造。
六、應(yīng)急發(fā)電TOP N管理,實(shí)現(xiàn)低成本疊光
由于站點(diǎn)規(guī)劃建設(shè)時(shí)很難預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)應(yīng)急發(fā)電情況,對(duì)于投產(chǎn)后的站點(diǎn)可以采用基于短板改進(jìn)的應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)TOP N管理手段,通過(guò)站點(diǎn)網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)對(duì)應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),選擇應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)多、合適安裝太陽(yáng)能電池板的站點(diǎn)進(jìn)行疊光,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)配置,最小化疊光成本。如山西試點(diǎn)的疊光站點(diǎn)就是停電次數(shù)較多的站點(diǎn),經(jīng)測(cè)算,站點(diǎn)疊光年收益高達(dá)2.1萬(wàn)元/年,非?捎^。
如果全面采用支持疊光的電源系統(tǒng),定期對(duì)區(qū)域內(nèi)基站應(yīng)急發(fā)電次數(shù)TOP N站點(diǎn)進(jìn)行疊光、疊油(不具備安裝太陽(yáng)能條件,但可安裝固定油機(jī)的)、疊電(對(duì)于不能疊光、疊油的站點(diǎn),可直接增配新電池或鋰電池)等手段優(yōu)化,逐漸消滅需要頻繁應(yīng)急發(fā)電的站點(diǎn),大幅度減少應(yīng)急發(fā)電上站次數(shù),降低應(yīng)急發(fā)電成本,并在節(jié)能的同時(shí)提高基站可靠性。到目前為止,疊光是以較低成本實(shí)現(xiàn)站點(diǎn)供電高保障的首選方案。
"Battery preparation +
mobile oil engine emergency power generation" is the most basic backup power support configuration of base station in the city. For the base stations that frequently need to go to the station for emergency power generation, the small power solar system can be superimposed, and the cost of emergency power generation can be greatly reduced, and the electricity cost will be continuously saved. The investment return cycle is less than 3 years. Traditional stacking scheme has many problems, such as inadequate solar energy utilization and influence on battery charging management. The switching power supply system compatible with solar input can achieve high cost at low cost. The communication power supply system supporting stacking light is conducive to dynamically adjusting the configuration during operation and maintenance. It can reduce the cost of light investment for the base stations which are more frequent on the basis of emergency power generation, and minimize power overlay investment. At the same time, it can save electricity and emergency power generation cost at the same time.
One, battery and emergency power generation problem, become the first factor of fault station
With the rapid development of the Internet, people can not live without the network, and it needs ubiquitous mobile broadband. The stable operation of the base station is the foundation of the high availability of the communication network. Because of the inevitable blackout, the base station needs a reasonable backup power support scheme. Battery + mobile oil machine is the most commonly used backup power support mode. When the power fails, the battery will support the base station. When the battery capacity is insufficient, the mobile oil station will be dispatched to the station to generate electricity, so that the base station will run without interruption.
Because of the widespread opposition to noise and the reasons for the access and management of buildings in the site, it is very difficult for the urban station to go to the station for emergency power generation. The rural station is far away from the power station, and the station on the high m中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜ountain station is difficult, and the emergency generation support is difficult. Through the analysis of the reason for the interruption of the base station communication, the average 57% network interruption is related to the base station, and the blackout is the first cause of the network interruption.
Take 3453 operators of a certain city as an example, there are 195 stations that can't generate electricity by emergency at Gaoshan station, and 2004 of them cannot afford to go to station because of owners' reasons. The proportion of stations that cannot be protected by mobile oil machine is 64%. The operator single month outage 2771 times, due to power outages cause broken station 1923 times, power station fault rate is as high as 69%. The blackout station involves 1322 stations, and the average height of each station is up to 2.1 hours. Emergency power generation 802 times, power generation ratio of 29%, including 40 emergency power generation is not timely lead to the base station operation interruption. So it can be seen that the failure of emergency power generation or emergency power generation after blackout is the first factor that causes the interruption of the communication network.
Two. Battery + mobile oil machine, the cost of backup power is very high
Under the condition of certain capacity of the base station, the capacity of the battery depends on the reserve time requirement, and the reserve time must be larger than the emergency power generation time, leaving enough margin. The base station for the frequent power outages, if you have a small fixed oil machine installation conditions, can be installed and fixed oil machine, do not have the conditions of fixed base station installation of machine oil, properly equipped with batteries, such as suburban, rural and mountainous areas by time can be increased to 5, 7, 10 hours. For a station with an average power of 2kW for the communication load, a set of 500Ah batteries should be configured for 7 hours, and the cost of the battery is very high. The mobile oil as an emergency power supply, when the power is cut off, the generator will be sent to the station to generate electricity. Even if the emergency generator has not arrived at the site, the electricity has been recovered, and the emergency power generation cost should be paid.
The cost of emergency power generation includes the labor cost of the station, the cost of power generation oil, and the amortization cost of the mobile oil machine. On labor costs associated with local labor costs, generally about 300 yuan / times; the cost of fuel and power generation time, fuel consumption rate, the average power consumption per 50 yuan fuel; mobile oil machine including machine depreciation, amortization cost of oil and oil machine maintenance costs, the average power allocation of 30 yuan. The rural station is a high power failure area. The number of stations on average may exceed one time per month. According to the emergency power generation cost, 380 yuan per time. If the electricity is generated once a month, the annual single station emergency power generation cost is 4560 yuan, and the cost of generating electricity is very high.
中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜the high cost of battery, the increase of 1 hours, the average power consumption time is about 400 yuan per station per year. For every 1 increase, the power generation for emergency stations needs to increase by about 380 yuan, and the cost of installing fixed oil units is high. Both telecom operators and tower operators need solutions to improve the quality of the guarantee at a lower cost.
Three, site stacking, low cost to improve the quality of power supply and reduce operation and maintenance costs
The site overlay scheme refers to the solar panels that are installed on the site power supply and only meet the power demand of communication load. Solar energy is a typical representative of renewable energy, and the superposition of solar energy can reduce the electricity cost of the site. For example, the average DC load power for the 2kW site, assuming the sunshine hours for 4 hours (the capital city of Guiyang, Lhasa's highest minimum 2.84 hours 6.7 hours, more than half of more than 4 hours), the scheme can stack light annual saving 2920, need to install about 2.5kWp solar panel. The cost of customer purchasing solar panels, solar modules and installation services is 22000 yuan. If the electricity price is 1 yuan / degree, the investment return period of the scheme is about 7.5 years, making investment decisions relatively difficult.
After stack light, if the base station blackout occurs in the period of sunshine, there is no need for emergency power generation. Because of the low night communication service, the night is on the station。
數(shù)據(jù)中心是我國(guó)實(shí)施“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施載體。相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,截至2014年年底全國(guó)共規(guī)劃建設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)中心310個(gè),已投入使用230個(gè),其中約有三分之一為大型數(shù)據(jù)中心。另?yè)?jù)數(shù)據(jù)中心產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)盟發(fā)布的《數(shù)據(jù)中心產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展白皮書(shū)》顯示,2011~2016年我國(guó)數(shù)據(jù)中心總投資將超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億元。其中高低壓供配電、不間斷電源、制冷系統(tǒng)等配套設(shè)施造價(jià)在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施造價(jià)中所占比例約75%~80%。
大型數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)熱潮來(lái)襲。然而,在大型數(shù)據(jù)中心的運(yùn)營(yíng)中,巨大的配電成本支出正在對(duì)運(yùn)營(yíng)商形成挑戰(zhàn),同時(shí)配電單元往往占用大量面積,不利于數(shù)據(jù)中心的節(jié)能環(huán)保。因此,如何能夠在保證數(shù)據(jù)中心穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的情況下,實(shí)現(xiàn)配電系統(tǒng)的革新,顯著降低配電成本成為業(yè)界關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。正是在這一趨勢(shì)下,中壓型UPS開(kāi)始興起。中壓型UPS能夠提高接近負(fù)荷中心的電壓等級(jí),減少低壓配電環(huán)節(jié),降低能耗。可以預(yù)見(jiàn),隨著電信行業(yè)去電信化、減配增效的深入推進(jìn),中壓UP中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜S系統(tǒng)將迎來(lái)廣闊的市場(chǎng)前景。
大型數(shù)據(jù)中心低壓配電系統(tǒng)亟待革新
我國(guó)早期通信系統(tǒng)負(fù)有政治安全責(zé)任,通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)一旦中斷將追究相關(guān)方政治責(zé)任,所以我國(guó)通信系統(tǒng)中冗余配置較高,這從早期UPS和開(kāi)關(guān)電源蓄電池組后備時(shí)間的不一致可見(jiàn)一斑。所以,在建設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)中心的供電系統(tǒng)時(shí),為了保證系統(tǒng)安全可靠性,充分考慮設(shè)備配置和冗余。
目前大型數(shù)據(jù)中心園區(qū)或大型數(shù)據(jù)中心的供配電結(jié)構(gòu)一般是引市電高壓(110kV)或中壓(35kV、10kV)到高壓配電室然后再分配給干式變壓器(轉(zhuǎn)成380V)并配置成套低壓配電系統(tǒng),成套低壓配電系統(tǒng)中的饋電柜再通過(guò)密集母線或電纜分配電能到每個(gè)樓層的低壓配電柜,再分配到大型的UPS(如500kVA、600kVA),目前每套低壓配電系統(tǒng)一般最大配置到2000kVA,每套低壓系統(tǒng)最多帶兩套大容量的1+1型UPS系統(tǒng)或2N型UPS系統(tǒng),這種從高壓配電系統(tǒng)-低壓配電系統(tǒng)-UPS的結(jié)構(gòu)在早期中小型數(shù)據(jù)中心應(yīng)用廣泛,但隨著數(shù)據(jù)中心單UPS系統(tǒng)配電容量的加大,這種配電結(jié)構(gòu)存在諸多缺陷。
,投資浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重。單套低壓配電系統(tǒng)存在浪費(fèi)投資、浪費(fèi)機(jī)房空間、浪費(fèi)密集母線等浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象。雖然也可以將變壓器配置在每個(gè)樓層,但是供配電結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有變化,隨著大型UPS的使用,每套2000kVA的低壓配電系統(tǒng)下掛2套600kVA(1+1)考慮充電電流及負(fù)載冗余后即滿。
第二,增加供配電等級(jí),增加了安全隱患。在相同的電源器件環(huán)境中,對(duì)于配電系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)上下游開(kāi)關(guān)越少越安全,配電等級(jí)越少可靠性越高,接近負(fù)荷中心的電壓等級(jí)越高越節(jié)能。大型數(shù)據(jù)中心園區(qū)35kV開(kāi)關(guān)站-10kV高壓配電柜-10kV配電柜-變壓器-低壓配電柜-密集母線-樓層配電柜-UPS系統(tǒng),8層級(jí)的配電結(jié)構(gòu),每多1個(gè)層級(jí)則意味著增加一個(gè)故障隱患點(diǎn)。
第三,影響機(jī)房可使用面積,增加建筑成本。對(duì)于大型數(shù)據(jù)中心,如果每層樓均配置變壓器低壓配電室、UPS系統(tǒng)電源室,相應(yīng)電源區(qū)域要預(yù)留40%以上的空間,對(duì)于通信機(jī)房來(lái)說(shuō),一般預(yù)留25%~30%空間,且低壓配電結(jié)構(gòu)冗余度越大占機(jī)房面積越大。
中壓型一體化UPS正在興起
回顧通信領(lǐng)域的高低壓配電發(fā)展趨勢(shì),交流系統(tǒng)從早期的380V到中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜10kV,不間斷電源從220V到240V、336V高壓直流,設(shè)備功耗密集程度越大配電系統(tǒng)的電壓等級(jí)也隨之上升,采用高壓等級(jí)的設(shè)備可以更多地減少線損、線纜母線投資、節(jié)省設(shè)備占地面積、減少轉(zhuǎn)換次數(shù)也意味著節(jié)能,同樣,改變傳統(tǒng)的380V進(jìn)380V出220V配電的結(jié)構(gòu),提高UPS進(jìn)入電壓等級(jí)至10kV以上也具備以上優(yōu)點(diǎn)。使用如10kV的UPS的前提是將傳統(tǒng)低壓配點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)的計(jì)量功能、功率補(bǔ)償功能、低壓發(fā)電機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)移到10kV系統(tǒng)。
低壓配電中的計(jì)量可采用高壓端計(jì)量。傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)中心往往是通過(guò)在低壓段低壓配電系統(tǒng)中配置計(jì)量柜的方式,但是隨著數(shù)據(jù)中心規(guī)模越來(lái)越大,大型數(shù)據(jù)中心已有10套以上的低壓配電系統(tǒng),且分為生活用電、辦公用電等,統(tǒng)計(jì)量工作放在高壓將成為一種趨勢(shì)。采用高壓端計(jì)量的同時(shí)仍可以通過(guò)中壓型一體化UPS的變壓器的數(shù)據(jù)采集進(jìn)行自動(dòng)統(tǒng)計(jì)上報(bào)。
低壓配電中的補(bǔ)償功能可改為高壓補(bǔ)償和負(fù)荷中心就近補(bǔ)償。對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)中心來(lái)說(shuō),感性負(fù)載和容性負(fù)載同時(shí)存在,感性負(fù)載主要為空調(diào)主機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)等電機(jī)類設(shè)備;整流設(shè)備、IT設(shè)備為容性負(fù)載;也就說(shuō)數(shù)據(jù)中心感性負(fù)載和容性負(fù)載是同時(shí)存在的,是相互補(bǔ)充的。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,目前大部分通信局樓的低壓電容器柜多設(shè)置為人工投入,因?yàn)橛捎诟行载?fù)載和容性負(fù)載的同時(shí)存在,功率因數(shù)cosΦ通常都在0.92以上。采取在低壓配電系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償屬于后補(bǔ)償,沒(méi)有起到有效作用,且在諧波環(huán)境下容易引發(fā)電容器共振并存在爆炸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此未來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)中心應(yīng)針對(duì)具體機(jī)房環(huán)境測(cè)試其諧波和無(wú)功負(fù)荷情況進(jìn)行就近補(bǔ)償。
大型數(shù)據(jù)中心采用高壓油機(jī)是必然趨勢(shì)。目前大型、超大型數(shù)據(jù)中心已推廣采用高壓油機(jī),帶來(lái)很多優(yōu)勢(shì):電纜、上下游開(kāi)關(guān)配置方面,簡(jiǎn)化了配電結(jié)構(gòu),高壓油機(jī)使用高壓電纜傳輸電力,高壓輸電電流相當(dāng)于低壓輸電電流的二十六分之一,上下游開(kāi)關(guān)及電纜投資節(jié)省、敷設(shè)及施工方便、線損很小、安全性也較高;便于進(jìn)行多機(jī)并機(jī),形成大容量后備電源,消除了常壓油機(jī)系統(tǒng)面臨的輸出容量瓶頸;若采用高壓空調(diào)必須采用高壓油機(jī),離心機(jī)組啟動(dòng)電流較大,如國(guó)內(nèi)某運(yùn)營(yíng)商集團(tuán)企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定“除變頻供電的電動(dòng)機(jī)外,單臺(tái)額定功率大于350kW 的電動(dòng)機(jī),宜采用10kV 電源供電”。采用高壓冷水機(jī)組供電后,可以相應(yīng)減少變壓器及低配和密集母線、電纜的投資,綜合對(duì)比高壓冷水機(jī)組的價(jià)格因素,初步統(tǒng)計(jì)可以節(jié)省0.075萬(wàn)元/kW(制冷量);高壓油機(jī)集中布置,可以根據(jù)園區(qū)功耗發(fā)展情況分期、逐臺(tái)投資,而低壓油機(jī)則只能是與低配模塊化相匹配而無(wú)論油機(jī)的實(shí)際負(fù)載率,造成油機(jī)投資浪費(fèi);推廣使用高壓油機(jī)之后低壓配電系統(tǒng)中的ATS柜可以減配。
以上分析證明,低壓配電系統(tǒng)中的主要功能,計(jì)量、電容、ATS柜等都可以代替,實(shí)施高壓到負(fù)荷中心的二級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換比再經(jīng)過(guò)低壓側(cè)顯然可以節(jié)省更多成本,減少中間配電環(huán)節(jié)后也使得可靠性提高很多。
國(guó)外中壓UPS系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀
從歐洲地區(qū)的中壓UPS系統(tǒng)發(fā)展來(lái)看,中壓UPS系統(tǒng)多應(yīng)用在工業(yè)級(jí)不間斷電源應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景中,擁有兆瓦級(jí)額定功率和高達(dá)99.5%的中壓UPS,儲(chǔ)能和逆變器依然處于低壓水平,它還能大幅簡(jiǎn)化維護(hù)作業(yè)和降低系統(tǒng)成本。中壓UPS可進(jìn)行改造,進(jìn)行定制化設(shè)計(jì),可兼容各種各樣的儲(chǔ)能裝置,具體取決于所需的保護(hù)時(shí)間。超級(jí)電容器和飛輪可在幾秒鐘內(nèi)提供高密度保護(hù),而電池可以達(dá)到長(zhǎng)達(dá)15分鐘的備用時(shí)間。
北美地區(qū)早期工業(yè)用中壓型UPS系統(tǒng)多為集裝箱式結(jié)構(gòu)或露天箱體結(jié)構(gòu)。數(shù)據(jù)中心使用的中壓型UPS系統(tǒng)多為戶內(nèi)型、模塊化結(jié)構(gòu),容量為2.0MW~20MW。包括輸入輸出開(kāi)關(guān)柜、變壓器箱、主控單元、PES柜(中壓)、雙向變流器、儲(chǔ)能箱等。戶外型儲(chǔ)能箱后備時(shí)間為1~3分鐘,戶內(nèi)型后備時(shí)間根據(jù)客戶需求配置,可以達(dá)到30分鐘以上。
可以看到,國(guó)外已有類似產(chǎn)品,但是國(guó)外的中壓UPS較多定位于將UPS系統(tǒng)功能集中于中壓段解決,目前已在美國(guó)的部分大型數(shù)據(jù)中心開(kāi)始應(yīng)用。
尤為值得一提的是,相比傳統(tǒng)低壓UPS,中低壓一體化UPS在同樣的場(chǎng)景下將減少80%的投資成本,而之所以能夠帶來(lái)這一“不可思議”的改變,則主要得益于大幅減少了傳統(tǒng)低壓配電柜的占地面積,節(jié)省了大量的低壓配電母線、電纜,同時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)組采用高壓油機(jī)也便于分期投資?梢灶A(yù)見(jiàn),中壓UPS系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)將為運(yùn)營(yíng)商節(jié)省大量的供配電成本,進(jìn)一步提升運(yùn)營(yíng)商的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
The data center is the implementation of the "critical infrastructure support Internet plus" in china. Statistics show that as of the end of 2014, 310 data centers were planned and built in China, and 230 of them had been put into operation, of which about 1/3 were large data centers. According to the data center industrial development white paper published by the data center industry alliance, the total investment of China's data center will exceed 1 trillion yuan in 2011~2016. The cost of high and low voltage supply and distribution, uninterrupted power supply, refrigeration system and other supporting facilities is about 75%~80% in the cost of infrastructure.
Large data center construction upsurge is coming. However, in the operation of large data centers, the huge distribution cost is challenging the operators. At the same time, the distribution units often occupy a large number of areas, which is not conducive to the energy saving and environmental protection of data centers. Therefore, how to ensure the stable operation of data center and realize the innovation of distribution system, significantly reduce the distribution cost has become the industry's concern. It is under this trend that medium voltage UPS is beginning to rise. The medium voltage UPS can improve the voltage level near the load center, reduce the low voltage distribution link and reduce the energy consumption. It is foreseeable that the medium voltage UPS system will usher in a broad market prospect as the telecom industry goes to the telecommunication industry, the reduction and the increase of efficiency.
The low voltage distribution system in large data center needs to be innovated urgently
China's early communication system bears the responsibility of political security. Once the interruption of communication network is concerned, the related party's political responsibilities will be investigated. So the redundancy allocation in China's communication system is relatively high, which is evident from the inconsistency between the early UPS and the reserve time of the switching power battery group. Therefore, in building the power supply system of the data center, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the system, the configuration and redundancy of the equipment are fully considered.
The current power supply structure of large data center park or large data center is generally cited city electric pressure (110kV) or medium (35kV, 10kV) to the high voltage distribution room and then assigned to the dry-type transformer (to 380V) and the configuration of complete sets of low-voltage distribution system, complete sets of low-voltage distribution system cabinet system in the crowded bus cable or distribution of electric energy to low voltage power distribution cabinet on each floor, redistribution to large UPS (500kVA, 600kVA), the current at the low voltage distribution system general maximum configuration to 2000kVA, each with a maximum of two sets of low voltage system of large capacity 1+ 1 type UPS or type 2N UPS system, the structure of high voltage power distribution systems - from low voltage power distribution system -UPS in the early application of small data center, but with the increase of data center power distribution capacity of single UPS system, many defects of this distribution structure.
First, the waste of investment is serious. A single low voltage distribution system is wasteful of investment, waste of space, and waste of dense busbar. Although it is possible to transformer configuration on each floor, but no changes in the structure of power supply, with the use of large UPS, under the low voltage distribution system of each 2000kVA 2 600kVA (1+1) considering the charging current and the load is full of redundancy.
Second, increase the level of power supply and distribution, and increase the hidden danger of security. In the same power supply device environment, for the distribution system, the less the upstream and downstream switches are, the safer. The less the distribution level is, the higher the reliability. The higher the voltage level near the load center, the more energy saving. Large data center park 35kV switchgear, -10kV high voltage switchgear, -10kV distribution cabinet, transformer low voltage switchboard, dense busbar floor switchboard -UPS system, 8 tier power distribution structure, every 1 or more levels means adding a hidden danger point.
Third, it will affect the available area of the machine room and increase the cost of the building. For large data center, if every floor of the configuration of low-voltage distribution transformer chamber, UPS system power supply room, corresponding power area should set aside more than 40% space for communication room, usually reserved for the 25%~30% space, and the greater the redundancy structure of low voltage power distribution room for a larger area.
Medium voltage integrated UPS is on the rise
Review the development trend of high and low voltage power distribution communication field, AC system from 10kV to early 380V, uninterrupted power supply from 220V to 240V, 336V high voltage DC voltage, the greater the degree of power equipment intensive distribution system also increased, the voltage level of the equipment can reduce the line loss, more investment, save equipment floor bus cable area, reduce the number of transitions also means the same, energy saving, change the traditional 380V into 380V structure 220V distribution, improve the UPS into the voltage level to above 10kV have more advantages. The premise of using UPS such as 10kV is to transfer the metering function, power compensation function and low voltage generator to 10kV system.
中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
High voltage end metering can be used in the measurement of low voltage distribution. The traditional data center is usually configured through metering cabinet at low pressure in the low voltage distribution system, but with the increasing scale of data center, large data center has more than 10 sets of low-voltage distribution system, and divided into electricity, electricity and other office work, statistics on the pressure will become a trend. At the same time, the data acquisition of the medium voltage integrated UPS transformer can be collected and reported automatically by the high voltage end measurement.
The compensation function in low voltage distribution can be changed to high voltage compensation and load center close compensation. For data centers, there is also the inductive and capacitive loads, inductive load mainly for air conditioner, fan motor equipment; rectification equipment, IT equipment for the capacitive load; also said data center of the inductive and capacitive loads exist at the same time, is complement each other. Statistics show that at present, most of the low voltage capacitor cabinet of the communication bureau building is set up。
“模范城市曼海姆(MOMA)”項(xiàng)目是由德國(guó)政府啟動(dòng)的“未來(lái)能源系統(tǒng)”計(jì)劃的一部分。該項(xiàng)目通過(guò)在當(dāng)?shù)仉娋W(wǎng)中部署先進(jìn)的信息通信技術(shù)以及小型裝置,使消費(fèi)者直接體驗(yàn)可再生電能的波動(dòng)使用特點(diǎn)。
MOMA電網(wǎng)將來(lái)自超過(guò)500個(gè)生產(chǎn)商供應(yīng)的電力配送至曼海姆及毗鄰的德累斯頓市。電網(wǎng)本身兼作電力線寬帶系統(tǒng),連接了大量家用智能設(shè)備。該項(xiàng)目始于2010年,至今已有1000名居民參加,這些居民的家電都連接到這個(gè)“能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”中,并利用眾多的軟件工具監(jiān)控其電力使用和支出狀況。
MOMA首席執(zhí)行官英戈 勛伯格(Ingo Schoenberg)表示:“可再生能源最大的挑戰(zhàn)是,時(shí)而有風(fēng),時(shí)而陽(yáng)光普照,但當(dāng)你需要的時(shí)候它們并不一定可用。MOMA項(xiàng)目尋求供求平衡的方法,力求在高波動(dòng)性的能源發(fā)電和智慧的能源消耗之間取得平衡,并同時(shí)提高效率。”
勛伯格說(shuō):“通過(guò)將稅費(fèi)與電網(wǎng)容量相連接,鼓勵(lì)項(xiàng)目參與者在能源可用性高、價(jià)格低的時(shí)候用電。對(duì)于那些不愿意自己調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)置的用戶,MOMA甚至制定了‘節(jié)能管家’幫助用戶在能量充足、價(jià)格便宜的時(shí)段打開(kāi)電器。項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)行狀況表明,當(dāng)消費(fèi)者知悉能源的真實(shí)價(jià)格時(shí),自然會(huì)改變使用方式。”
在知識(shí)和技術(shù)的武裝下,私人用戶節(jié)約了10%左右的能耗和15%的能源費(fèi)用,而電力運(yùn)營(yíng)商能夠更好地管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載。MOMA項(xiàng)目的成果為制定彈性電價(jià)、建立同時(shí)承載智能電網(wǎng)和智能電表的單一通信平臺(tái)提供了立法的依據(jù)。
高品質(zhì)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)助力電網(wǎng)升級(jí)
MOMA項(xiàng)目采用的技術(shù)解決方案也為電力供應(yīng)商提供了解決電力中斷并提高運(yùn)營(yíng)效率的新方法。在美國(guó),風(fēng)暴和“小動(dòng)物”嚴(yán)重破壞電力供應(yīng),加州大學(xué)伯克利分校2004年的一項(xiàng)研究表明,美國(guó)每年由停電造成的損失達(dá)到800億美元。
田納西州的查塔努加電力委員會(huì)為分布在約1500平方公里的居民提供電力服務(wù)。根據(jù)伯克利大學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算,每年停電會(huì)對(duì)其服務(wù)區(qū)域造成約1億美元的損失,但該電力委員會(huì)并不是一個(gè)典型的美國(guó)能源供應(yīng)商。
2012年,在美國(guó)能源部“復(fù)蘇法案”的11550萬(wàn)美元的資金刺激下,查塔努加電力委員會(huì)完成了高度自動(dòng)化的智能電網(wǎng)升級(jí)工作,為電網(wǎng)配備了智能傳感器、開(kāi)關(guān)和儀表。與MOMA項(xiàng)目一樣,其電網(wǎng)以高品質(zhì)的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ),查塔努加電力委員會(huì)選擇了光纖寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)承載消費(fèi)者三網(wǎng)合一的服務(wù)。
電力委員會(huì)執(zhí)行副總裁大衛(wèi) 韋德(David Wade)表示:“這應(yīng)該就是未來(lái)電網(wǎng)的樣子,美國(guó)還沒(méi)有其它公共事業(yè)能夠達(dá)到如此高的自動(dòng)化水平。但是,一切都取決于通信能力,查塔努加的電網(wǎng)與光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò)無(wú)縫銜接,這使得查塔努加成為實(shí)現(xiàn)我們未來(lái)設(shè)想的最佳場(chǎng)所。”
現(xiàn)在,在查塔努加,如果一輛汽車(chē)撞到了電線桿,電力委員會(huì)的電網(wǎng)將會(huì)進(jìn)行“自我修復(fù)”。電網(wǎng)中的1200個(gè)智能開(kāi)關(guān)可以通過(guò)光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò)確定電路中斷的位置,并改道供電。2月12日,查塔努加遭遇了20年來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雪,4萬(wàn)名居民的供電自動(dòng)恢復(fù),其他3.6萬(wàn)名居民的供電在工程師的幫助下,3天之內(nèi)恢復(fù)正常。
中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
電力委員會(huì)估計(jì),以前恢復(fù)這7.6萬(wàn)名居民的供電需要8天的時(shí)間。2012年以來(lái),該區(qū)域的斷電事件減少了50%~60%,每年為當(dāng)?shù)販p少了5000萬(wàn)美元的支出。電力委員會(huì)自身也大大節(jié)約了成本:在維修、資產(chǎn)管理、上門(mén)服務(wù)以及盜竊方面,節(jié)約的成本高達(dá)1050萬(wàn)美元。
自動(dòng)化解決方案創(chuàng)建更加智能的電網(wǎng)
最終用戶的偷電行為仍然讓電力供應(yīng)商頭疼不已,嚴(yán)重影響了利潤(rùn)的獲取。華為,一家來(lái)自中國(guó)的技術(shù)公司,針對(duì)電力供應(yīng)面對(duì)的新挑戰(zhàn)設(shè)計(jì)了不同的解決方案,既包括大規(guī)模的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目,也包括專門(mén)處理偷電等局部問(wèn)題的核心平臺(tái)。
據(jù)華為介紹,尼日利亞的消費(fèi)者偷電狀況尤其嚴(yán)重,供電商一直無(wú)法找出問(wèn)題的原因,到目前為止,無(wú)法收集到準(zhǔn)確的能耗數(shù)據(jù)的用戶數(shù)量超過(guò)了80%。
為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,華為正準(zhǔn)備在尼日利亞安裝一個(gè)覆蓋40萬(wàn)本地家庭的自動(dòng)抄表系統(tǒng),支持高速數(shù)據(jù)連接,同時(shí)部署新的傳感器和控制器。該系統(tǒng)部署完成后,客戶的電表將每15分鐘傳輸一次數(shù)據(jù)到當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)營(yíng)商,從而使運(yùn)營(yíng)商獲得實(shí)時(shí)的用電數(shù)據(jù)。
華為企業(yè)BG Marketing與解決方案銷(xiāo)售部總裁何達(dá)炳說(shuō):“該系統(tǒng)將有效提高電力公司的營(yíng)業(yè)額和利潤(rùn)。即時(shí)通信系統(tǒng)和可靠的電力基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)是電力高效生產(chǎn)和配送的關(guān)鍵。其可以實(shí)現(xiàn)早期預(yù)警、實(shí)時(shí)故障定位、自我修復(fù)和有效負(fù)載管理等功能。”
隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的崛起,城市的蓬勃發(fā)展給傳統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)帶來(lái)了極大壓力。珠海電力局要為珠海市、淇澳島、橫琴島和高欄島的822萬(wàn)居民供電。面對(duì)著各種接入、可靠性、成本和容量問(wèn)題,傳統(tǒng)的固定和無(wú)線技術(shù)已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足業(yè)務(wù)要求,珠海電力局迫切需要提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的自動(dòng)化水平。
對(duì)于珠海電力局而言,在其服務(wù)區(qū)域安裝光纖電纜過(guò)于昂貴復(fù)雜。因此,其選擇了成本相對(duì)較低、但速度與光纖相似的華為4G LTE無(wú)線集群系統(tǒng)。與傳統(tǒng)雙向無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)一樣,華為eLTE無(wú)線集群解決方案為珠海電力局提供了專用無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)配電自動(dòng)化通信。
同樣,在中國(guó)東部沿海城市青島,華為改造了阻礙電力性能的老舊線路和不可靠的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。華為全光xPON解決方案具備高度自動(dòng)化的特點(diǎn),幫助青島供電公司有效管理分布式供電,并提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性。
華為表示,通過(guò)利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的智能終端對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),在數(shù)秒之內(nèi),就可以隔離故障線路,實(shí)現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)的自動(dòng)修復(fù)。現(xiàn)在,青島供電公司每年停電時(shí)長(zhǎng)減少了2.6小時(shí),達(dá)到每戶1.1小時(shí);每年電力損失下降了33.4兆千瓦時(shí)。
總而言之,為建立環(huán)境友好型社會(huì),公用事業(yè)單位面臨著降低成本、優(yōu)化運(yùn)營(yíng)以及遵守更加嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定等方面的壓力。為應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn),華為等科技公司提供大量解決方案,從而創(chuàng)建更加智能的電網(wǎng),最終提供更加環(huán)保的能源。
The "model city of Mannheim (MOMA) project by the German government launched the" future energy system is a part of the project ". By deploying advanced information and communication technology and small devices in the local power grid, the project directly enables consumers to experience the fluctuating characteristics of renewable energy.
MOMA grid will be from more than 500 manufacturers of power supply and distribution to the adjoining Dresden city of mannheim. The power grid itself is also a power line broadband system, which connects a large number of household intelligent equipment. The project began in 2010. Up to now, 1000 residents have participated. The household appliances are connected to the "energy Internet", and many software tools are used to monitor their electricity use and expenditure.中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
Schoenberg, chief executive of MOMA, Ingo Schoenberg, said: "the biggest challenge of renewable energy is that sometimes it is windy and sunny. But when you need it, they are not always available. The MOMA project seeks a balanced supply and demand approach to achieve a balance between high volatility energy generation and intelligent energy consumption, and increase efficiency. "
"By connecting tax and electricity to power grid capacity," Schoenberg said, "project participants are encouraged to use electricity when they have high energy availability and low prices. For users who don't want to adjust their settings, MOMA even set up an energy-saving housekeeper to help users turn on electrical appliances at the time of energy sufficiency and cheap price. The operation of the project shows that when the consumer knows the real price of the energy, it will naturally change the way of use. "
Under the arming of knowledge and technology, private users save about 10% of energy consumption and 15% of energy costs, while electric power providers can better manage network load. The results of the MOMA project provide a legislative basis for the establishment of elastic electricity price, the establishment of a single communication platform carrying smart grid and intelligent electric meter.
High quality communication network upgrade power grid upgrading
The technical solutions adopted by the MOMA project also provide a new way for power suppliers to resolve power interruptions and improve operational efficiency. In the United States, storms and small animals seriously disrupt the power supply. A 2004 study by University of California at Berkeley showed that the annual loss caused by power cuts in the United States amounted to 80 billion dollars.
The Char Thanou Fagafaga Electric Power Commission in Tennessee provides electricity for residents of about 1500 square kilometers. According to the data from Berkeley University, the annual blackouts will cause about 100 million US dollars loss to the service area, but the Electric Power Commission is not a typical US energy supplier.
In 2012, under the stimulus of the US $115 million 500 thousand recovery program of the energy department, the Char Thanou Fagafaga Electric Power Commission completed highly automated upgrading of smart grid, which equipped smart sensors, switches and meters for the power grid. Like MOMA project, its power grid is based on high quality communication network. Char Thanou Fagafaga Electric Power Commission has chosen optical broadband network to load consumers' three networks in one service.
David Wade, executive vice president of the Electric Power Commission, said: "this should be the way of the future grid. No other utilities in the US can achieve such high automation level in the future." Wade said. But everything depends on communication capability. Char Thanou Fagafaga's power grid and optical fiber network seamlessly connect, which makes Char Thanou Fagafaga the best place to achieve our future vision.
Now, in Char Thanou Fagafaga, if a car hits a pole, the power Com中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜mittee's power grid will be "self repairing". 1200 smart switches in the power grid can determine the location of the interruption by the optical fiber network and switch to the power supply. In February 12th, Char Thanou Fagafaga suffered the most severe snowstorm in 20 years. The power supply of 40 thousand residents recovered automatically, and the power of 36 thousand other residents was restored to normal within 3 days with the help of engineers.
The Power Commission estimates that the restoration of electricity from the 76 thousand residents will take 8 days. Since 2012, power outages in the region have been reduced by 50%~60% and $50 million a year for local expenditure. The Power Commission itself has also greatly saved costs: the cost of saving up to $10 million 500 thousand in maintenance, asset management, door-to-door services and theft.
Automated solutions create more intelligent power grids
The end user's electricity theft still makes the power suppliers headache, seriously affecting the gain of profits. HUAWEI, a technology company from China, designed different solutions for the new challenges faced by the power supply, including large-scale network infrastructure projects, including the core platform for dealing with local issues such as stealing electricity.
According to HUAWEI, the situation of consumers stealing electricity in Nigeria is particularly serious. Power providers have been unable to find out the cause of the problem. Up to now, the number of users who can not collect accurate energy consumption data has exceeded 80%.
To solve this problem, HUAWEI is preparing to install an automatic meter reading system covering 400 thousand local families in Nigeria, which supports high-speed data connection, and deploys new sensors and controllers at the same time. After the system is deployed, the customer's meter will transmit data every 15 minutes to the local operator, enabling the operator to obtain real-time data on electricity.中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
"The system will effectively improve the turnover and profit of the power company," said He Dabing, President of HUAWEI BG Marketing and the Sales Department of the solution. The key to efficient power production and distribution is the instant communication system and the reliable maintenance of the power infrastructure. It can realize early warning, real-time fault location, self repair and effective load 中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
中興ZXDU58 W600 V4.5R01M01室外壁掛式電源柜
EVA條紋防滑墊材質(zhì):EVA海綿板
加工:沖壓各類圓形、方形、條形、異型墊片及背膠 粘接 處理
用途:減震、防滑
特性:防滑性能優(yōu)越;柔韌性強(qiáng);質(zhì)地柔軟,不沾灰,吸水;防霉防潮;
EVA防滑墊具有良好的緩沖、抗震、防潮、抗化學(xué)腐蝕防滑等優(yōu)點(diǎn),且無(wú)毒、不吸水。其防震性能優(yōu)于聚苯乙烯(泡沫)等傳統(tǒng)包裝材料,且符合環(huán)保要求,相對(duì)于防震包裝可以切割、成型;因密度差異較大,還可以有更為廣泛的用途應(yīng)用范圍:電子產(chǎn)品、家用電器、五金工具、玩具、工藝品、化妝品、EVA鞋材等?蔀榭蛻魶_壓成型不同的規(guī)格!
產(chǎn)品廣泛應(yīng)用于電子產(chǎn)品、機(jī)械零部件、家用電器、各類小家電、手機(jī)配件、工業(yè)儀表、電腦及周邊設(shè)備、汽車(chē)配件、影音器材、玩具、化妝品、工藝禮品、醫(yī)療儀器、電動(dòng)、手動(dòng)、氣動(dòng)工具,玻璃陶瓷制品、運(yùn)動(dòng)器材等企業(yè)的絕緣與防震防滑配件制品。
日本KEYENCE基恩士特價(jià)FU-32、FS2-60P、FS2-62、FS2-60、FS-V21R、FS-V21、FS-V22R、FS-V11P、FS-M1、FS-M1H、FS-17、FS-M2、FS-T2P、FS-T1、FS-T20、FS-L40、FS-V22、FS-V11、FS-T1P、FS-T2、FS-V1、FS-L70、FS-V32、FS-V1P、FS-RS1、FS-V12、FS-V21RM、FS2-60G、FS-V10、FS-V31、FU-65X、FU-21X、FU-42、FU、22X、FU-75F、FU-31、FU-35FA、FU-13、FU-49X、PZ-M11P、PZ-M51、PZ-M61、PZ-M11、PZ-M31、PZ-M61P、PZ-M65、PZ-M51P、PZ-M71P、PZ2-61 、PZ2-42P、PZ2-51 、PZ2-42 、PZ2-41 、PZ2-61D 、PZ2-62 、PZ2-62P 、PZ-101 、PZ-42L 、PZ-42P 、PZ-51L 、PZ-41 、PZ-41L 、PZ-61L 、PZ-51LP 、PZ-51 PZ-42 、PZ-61 、PZ-V31P 、PZ-V12 、PZ-V31 、PZ-V11P 、PZ-V71P 、PZ-V71 、PZ-V72P 、PZ-V33P 、PZ-V11 、PZ-V13P 、EM-005 、EM-030P 、EM-038A 、EM-038 、EM-030 、EM-054 、EH-302 、EH-303A 、EH-305 、EM-080 EH-308 、EM-014B 、EH-303A 、EH-110 、EM-014 、ED-130M 、EH-614A 、EM-080P 、ED-118M 、EH-108 、EH-0872 、EH-114 、EV-118U 、EV-118M EV-18M 、EV-108U 、EV-118M 、EV-112U 、EV-108M 、EV-130M 、EV-118F 、EV-112M 、EV-130U 、EZ-18T 、EZ-8M 、EZ-18M 、EZ-12M 、EZ-30M 、AP-C30W 、AP-31KP 、AP-41 、AP-11 、AP-V41 、AP-C40 、AP-44 、AP-31KP 、AP-C30 、AP-14S 、AP-40ZA 、AP-12 、AP-41M 、AP-47 、AP-43 、AP-31A SUNX光幕傳感器 小型光幕傳感器/牢固型光幕傳感器 SF4-AH8-N/AH12/AH16/AH20/AH24/AH28/AH32/AH36/AH40/AH48/AH56/AH64/AH72/AH80/AH88/AH96/ SF2-AH8/AH12/AH16/AH20/AH24/AH28/AH32/AH36/AH40/AH48/AH56/AH64/AH72/AH80/AH88/AH96/ SF2-AA8/AA12/AA16/AA20/AA24/AA28/AA32/AA36/AA40/AA48/ SF2-NH8/NH12/NH16/NH20/NH24/NH28/NH32/NH36/NH40/NH48/NH56/NH64/NH72/NH80/NH88/NH96/ SF2-NA4/NA6/NA8/NA10/NA12/NA14/NA16/NA18/NA20/NA24/NA28//NA32/NA36/NA40/ SF2-EH12-N/EN16/EH20/EH24/EH28/EH32/EH36/EH40/EH48/EH56/EH64/EH72/EH80/ SUNX區(qū)域傳感器 單個(gè)光軸輸出/薄型/檢選 NA40-4/NA40-6/NA40-8/NA40-10/NA40-12/NA40-14/NA40-16/NA40-20/NA40-24/ NA2-N8/NA2-N12/NA2-N16/NA2-N20/NA2-N24?NA2-N28/ NA1-11/NA1-5/NA1-PK5NA1-PK3/ SUNX用于半導(dǎo)體工業(yè)的傳感器 漏液/液面監(jiān)測(cè) FX-301-F/ FD-F705/FD-F707/7FD-F41/FD-F91/FD-F4/FD-F9/FD-F8Y/ FT-F902/FT-F905/FT-Z802Y/ EX-F71/EX-F72/EX-F61/EX-F62/ EX-F1
VA500A美國(guó)TIF數(shù)字式暖通空調(diào)分析儀VA-500A
VA500A美國(guó)TIF數(shù)字式暖通空調(diào)分析儀VA-500A 通過(guò)測(cè)量進(jìn)、出口情況(溫度、濕度、流量等)智能分析HVAC系統(tǒng)的性能,提高判斷故障的準(zhǔn)確性。 具有流量記憶功能和功率測(cè)量功能。 直接讀數(shù),無(wú)需計(jì)算。 可測(cè)量溫度、濕度、露點(diǎn)、速度、流量、功率。 可視、可聽(tīng)雙提示功能。 |
型 號(hào) | 名 稱 |
KYJV | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套控制電纜 |
KVV | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套控制電纜 |
KYJVR | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套控制軟電纜 |
KVVR | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套控制軟電纜 |
KYJVP | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽控制電纜 |
KVVP | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽控制電纜 |
KYJVRP | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽控制軟電纜 |
KVVRP | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽控制軟電纜 |
KYJVP2 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套銅帶屏蔽控制電纜 |
KVVP2 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套銅帶屏蔽控制電纜 |
KYJV22 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套鋼帶鎧裝控制電纜 |
KVV22 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套鋼帶鎧裝控制電纜 |
KYJV32 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套鋼絲鎧裝控制電纜 |
KVV32 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套鋼絲鎧裝控制電纜 |
KYJVP2/22 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套銅帶屏蔽鋼帶鎧裝控制電纜 |
KVVP2/22 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套銅帶屏蔽鋼帶鎧裝控制電纜 |
KYJVP22 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽鋼帶鎧裝控制電纜 |
KVVP22 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽鋼帶鎧裝控制電纜 |
KYJVP2/32 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套銅帶屏蔽鋼絲鎧裝控制電纜 |
KVVP2/32 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套銅帶屏蔽鋼絲鎧裝控制電纜 |
KYJVP32 | 交聯(lián)聚乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽鋼絲鎧裝控制電纜 |
KVVP32 | 聚氯乙烯絕緣聚氯乙烯護(hù)套編織屏蔽鋼絲鎧裝控制電纜 |