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TF10000NESLAB ThermoFlex 10000 循環(huán)冷卻器

 Thermo Scientific NESLAB ThermoFlex 10000 循環(huán)冷卻器，制冷功率10000 W，溫度范圍+5 ℃至+40 ℃，溫度穩(wěn)定性±0.1 ℃，容量7.2 L，CE和CSA認(rèn)證。

主要特點(diǎn)：
  • 高可靠性： 采用優(yōu)質(zhì)管路和一體化氣液過(guò)濾器，提高了系統(tǒng)的可靠性，降低了維護(hù)成本。ThermoFlex循環(huán)制冷器可連續(xù)運(yùn)行數(shù)年，而整體使用壽命可達(dá)十年以上。
  • 性能卓越： 與同類產(chǎn)品相比，ThermoFlex循環(huán)制冷器可提升10%以上的冷卻性能。借助豐富的可選部件，您還可以根據(jù)自己的應(yīng)用進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化循環(huán)冷卻器的性能。
  • 易于使用： 卡扣式過(guò)濾器、一體化漏斗、可視液位指示器，方便日常使用和維護(hù)。直觀的控制器，提供靈活的參數(shù)設(shè)置。
  • 靈活配置： 一系列即插即用的可選配件，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)不同場(chǎng)合的嚴(yán)苛要求。
技術(shù)參數(shù)：

型號(hào)： ThermoFlex 10000

溫度設(shè)置范圍： +5 ℃至+40 ℃

溫度穩(wěn)定性： ±0.1 ℃

環(huán)境溫度范圍： +10 ℃至+40 ℃

冷卻能力：

－－－－60 Hz @ +20 ℃： 10000 W/ 34100 BTU

－－－－50 Hz @ +20 ℃： 8500 W/ 28985 BTU

溫儲(chǔ)液槽容量： 17.9 L

冷媒： R407C

外部尺寸（HxWxD）：

－－－－空氣冷卻： 132.7x63.9x85.6 cm

－－－－水冷卻： 116.6x63.9x85.6 cm

P2正排量泵（選配）：

－－－－60 Hz： 15.1 lpm @ 4.1 bar

－－－－50 Hz： 12.5 lpm @ 4.1 bar

P3離心泵（選配）：

－－－－60 Hz： 37.9 lpm @ 2.2 bar

－－－－50 Hz： 37.9 lpm @ 1.4 bar

P5離心泵（選配）：

－－－－60 Hz： 75.7 lpm @ 4.1 bar

－－－－50 Hz： 75.7 lpm @ 2.4 bar

整機(jī)重量（按泵的型號(hào)）：

－－－－P2-AC（空冷）： 161.5 kg

－－－－P2-WC（水冷）： 143 kg

－－－－P3-AC（空冷）： 169 kg

－－－－P3-WC（水冷）： 150 kg

－－－－P5-AC（空冷）： 184 kg

－－－－P5-WC（水冷）： 165 kg

電源： 208-230 V / 60 Hz，3相；400 V / 50 Hz，3相；400-460 V / 50-60 Hz，3相

符合性： CE和CSA認(rèn)證

可選配件：

防回流： 確保冷卻器關(guān)閉后，儲(chǔ)液槽內(nèi)的液體不會(huì)溢出。借助該功能，冷卻器可在不同水平面高度使用。

自動(dòng)充液： 允許冷卻器自動(dòng)充液，確保在儲(chǔ)液槽中保持合適液位，節(jié)約寶貴的時(shí)間。

去離子水： 循環(huán)冷卻器內(nèi)置去離子過(guò)濾器，能將電阻率維持在3 MΩ，當(dāng)電阻率為1 MΩ時(shí)報(bào)警，提醒更換過(guò)濾器。在確保您使用去離子水質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定的同時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了占地面積最小化。

泄壓： 易于調(diào)節(jié)的泄壓閥，了對(duì)需調(diào)節(jié)的冷卻器出口壓力進(jìn)行控制，確保達(dá)到您的工藝性能要求。

流量控制： 利用三通閥，控制應(yīng)用的流量。在回流到循環(huán)器時(shí)，測(cè)量工藝流量，確保為該應(yīng)用提供合適的流量。

通訊接口： 提供模擬或數(shù)字通信接口，可實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程控制、監(jiān)測(cè)、數(shù)據(jù)記錄。含遠(yuǎn)程傳感器接口，以便于進(jìn)行溫度控制。

空冷： 使用環(huán)境中的空氣進(jìn)行散熱。

水冷： 使用設(shè)備用水冷卻系統(tǒng)，最大限度降低散熱量。

泵選擇說(shuō)明：

根據(jù)應(yīng)用選擇適合的泵。泵液流量單位lpm表示每分鐘泵出的液量（L）。詳情請(qǐng)聯(lián)系北京艾德豪克國(guó)際技術(shù)有限公司。

推薦應(yīng)用：
  • 分析儀器
  • 激光器
  • 醫(yī)療設(shè)備
  • 包裝
  • 半導(dǎo)體設(shè)備
  • 大學(xué)研究室
該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 接種儀 螺旋接種儀 生化試劑 油品分析儀器 微生物誘變系統(tǒng) 霧化儀 粘度計(jì) 耗材促銷 肝素不飽和二糖 攪拌器與混合器 水浴循環(huán)器 色譜柱 肝素來(lái)源檢測(cè) 肝素效價(jià)檢測(cè) 肝素酶

WYK-15100D廣州水處理專用直流電源15V100A電鍍電源供應(yīng)商

廣州水處理專用直流電源15V100A電鍍電源供應(yīng)商

  15V100A直流電鍍電源應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域非常廣闊，適用于各種電解，電鍍，氧化，電化處理等，直流電鍍電源的電解功能強(qiáng)有力的促進(jìn)氧化還原反應(yīng)，通常難以進(jìn)行的氧化還原反應(yīng)都可通過(guò)它來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。15V100A直流電鍍電源電流、電壓均有數(shù)字顯示，采用智能精密溫度控制系統(tǒng)，電鍍效果高。電源具備時(shí)間控制功能，掛貨啟動(dòng)時(shí)間或者按紐啟動(dòng)時(shí)間，時(shí)間到后報(bào)警提示。而且電源的過(guò)熱保護(hù)、穩(wěn)壓、穩(wěn)流功能、過(guò)電流保護(hù)、故障提示、缺相保護(hù)等功能讓用戶操作簡(jiǎn)便，安全放心。以下為15V100A直流電鍍電源基本參數(shù)：

〓 輸入電壓單相 AC220V±10%，50～60HZ

〓 輸出電壓 0～15V

〓 輸出電流 0～100A

〓 穩(wěn)壓精度 ≤±1%

〓 穩(wěn)流精度 ≤±1%

〓 額定效率 ≥90%

注：標(biāo)注價(jià)格僅供參考，因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品配置型號(hào)各種不同，價(jià)格會(huì)有差異，詳情請(qǐng)您來(lái)電洽談，更多信息可登錄鑫諾爾科技網(wǎng)站。

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 可編程直流電源 電子負(fù)載 交流穩(wěn)壓電源 變頻電源 直流穩(wěn)壓電源

310D-24 生物耗氧量（BOD）測(cè)量?jī)x廠家,臺(tái)式測(cè)量?jī)x

310D-24 生物耗氧量（BOD）測(cè)量?jī)x廠家,臺(tái)式測(cè)量?jī)x 

如本產(chǎn)品參數(shù)不符合您要求，您可來(lái)電咨詢，由我們銷售工程師為您推薦符合您要求的產(chǎn)品，請(qǐng)您放心購(gòu)買！ 銷售部電話：021-9955   

310D-24 生物耗氧量（BOD）測(cè)量?jī)x廠家,臺(tái)式測(cè)量?jī)x   參數(shù)： 

測(cè)量范圍（mg/L）       0.00 到 90.0 mg/L分辨率                 0.1/0.01   ; 0.0 到 600%相對(duì)精度               ± 0.5% ± 1 字鹽度系數(shù)               0 到 45 ppt大氣壓測(cè)量范圍         450 到 850 mm Hg校正方式               被水飽和的空氣，被空氣飽和的水，Winkler電極類型               極譜式溫度                 測(cè)量范圍                -5 到 105℃分辨率                  -5 到 99.9℃為，99.9℃以上為 1.0℃相對(duì)精度                ± 0.1溫度補(bǔ)償                自動(dòng) / 手動(dòng)顯示                     傳統(tǒng)背光 LCD輸入 / 輸出                傳感器接                溶解氧 -miniDIN；溫度 –miniDIN;攪拌器 -phone-jack（臺(tái)式表適用）通訊                    雙向 RS232 接口，可選 USB 電纜獨(dú)特的 GLP 軟件特點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄               200 個(gè)校正記錄               10 組校正數(shù)據(jù)方法存儲(chǔ)               10 個(gè)自檢                有密碼保護(hù)                有網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件升級(jí) / 下載方法  有電源                    4 × AA 電池安全認(rèn)證               CE，CSA，UL，TUV，F(xiàn)CC Class A     

310D-24 生物耗氧量（BOD）測(cè)量?jī)x廠家,臺(tái)式測(cè)量?jī)x  概述：

操作環(huán)境              適宜操作溫度           5 到 45℃相對(duì)濕度               5~85%IP 等級(jí)                IP67，防塵防水;臺(tái)式 IP54，防塵防濺；     產(chǎn)品型號(hào):3-Star溶氧儀ＤＯ/BOD。 

 

310D-24 生物耗氧量（BOD）測(cè)量?jī)x廠家,臺(tái)式測(cè)量?jī)x  相關(guān)科研試劑：

現(xiàn)GMS10088.2,細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)污染性支原體熒光染色鑒定試劑盒,20/100次CAS:97-99-4,四氫糠醇/四氫化麩醇/四氫化呋喃-2-甲醇/四氫化氧雜茂-2-甲醇/四氫-2-呋喃甲醇/四氫糠醛/四氫呋喃甲醇/四氫葉醇/四氫氧雜茂甲醇/四氫呋喃-2甲醇/THFA,CP,500毫升,RTCAS:9008-97-3,植物血球凝集素PHA-M/植物血凝素/PHA-M,500毫克,2～8℃偶氮胂三鈉CAS:520-10-5,ArsenazoI,GMS22017.2,組織蛋白酶K（CATHEPSIN K）,111547，牡荊油,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品，鑒別，常溫，避光,2,6-二氨基CAS:141-86-6,Diaminopyridine,產(chǎn)品在儲(chǔ)存期間顏色可能變暗,98%GMS10247.1, 細(xì)胞IKB-ALPHA蛋白表達(dá)流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)試劑盒,10/20次糊精價(jià)格,20支,GMS10365.5,冰凍切片細(xì)胞有絲分裂熒光顯微鏡檢測(cè)試劑盒,10/20次線狀氧化銅CAS:1317-38-0,Cupricoxidewire,AR現(xiàn)干GMS50149.1,細(xì)胞CDK4/CYCLIN D激酶活性定量檢測(cè)試劑盒（A/B/C）,20次

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 大龍移液器 廣電通訊檢測(cè)分析儀器類 廣電通訊 磁性工具 恒溫/加熱/制冷 常用通風(fēng)設(shè)備 通風(fēng)采暖照明 氣動(dòng)工具 熱學(xué)分析儀器 移液/分液 防靜電設(shè)備 低壓控制 試劑及耗材 靜電/無(wú)塵 電氣及自動(dòng)化 電動(dòng)工具 測(cè)繪無(wú)損檢測(cè) 量具 工具 力學(xué)檢測(cè)儀器

hf60105安諾尼hf60105德國(guó)aaronia射頻電磁輻射儀場(chǎng)強(qiáng)儀

 HF-60105高精度數(shù)字式超高頻電磁輻射強(qiáng)度分析儀是一款用于檢測(cè)、分析超高頻電磁輻射、微波強(qiáng)度的高精度儀器，采用創(chuàng)新專利技術(shù)，內(nèi)置超高靈敏度3軸電磁場(chǎng)復(fù)合傳感器，可對(duì)各種環(huán)境中存在電、磁場(chǎng)輻射進(jìn)行全方向高精度檢測(cè)，內(nèi)置高性能芯片能精確顯示電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度、磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度、功率密度、電壓、微波功率；同時(shí)還可顯示所測(cè)到的電磁輻射絕對(duì)值與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值相比較的百分比，測(cè)量結(jié)果清晰、直觀。可用于測(cè)量移動(dòng)通信基站、廣播電視、醫(yī)療設(shè)備、雷達(dá)、衛(wèi)星通訊設(shè)備、尋呼機(jī)站、熱合機(jī)、烘干設(shè)備、微波加熱設(shè)備等高頻、超高頻電磁輻射、微波強(qiáng)度。

 

特點(diǎn)：

1. 外置式、高精度全向超高頻探測(cè)天線，有效提高檢測(cè)范圍及檢測(cè)精度

2. 便攜式設(shè)計(jì)，重量輕，可輕松單手操作，便于移動(dòng)或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量

 

3. 高精度單軸電場(chǎng)探測(cè)器及3軸磁場(chǎng)探測(cè)器，靈敏度高，響應(yīng)快速，可實(shí)現(xiàn)全方向精確檢測(cè)

4. 高精度、大尺寸液晶顯示屏，清晰、直觀的顯示多種檢測(cè)結(jié)果

5. 多種顯示模式：實(shí)時(shí)、最大值保持、平均值、最大平均值，空間平均功能

6. 內(nèi)置USB數(shù)據(jù)通訊端口，配合專用數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件可與電腦聯(lián)系組建電磁輻射實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)電磁輻射的連續(xù)多點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)

 

7. 可選多功能、高精度擴(kuò)展天線及增益放大器，簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn)功能升級(jí)

 

應(yīng)用：

1. 環(huán)境電磁輻射監(jiān)測(cè)

2. 移動(dòng)通訊、廣播電視等單位的電磁輻射監(jiān)測(cè)

3. 工作場(chǎng)所的電磁場(chǎng)安全監(jiān)測(cè)

4. 無(wú)線電頻譜管理

5. 國(guó)防電子設(shè)備的電磁安全檢測(cè)

6. 航空航天設(shè)備電磁環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)

7. 機(jī)場(chǎng)雷達(dá)電磁環(huán)境的安全監(jiān)測(cè)

8. EMI、EMC 電磁兼容測(cè)試

。。。。。。

規(guī)格：

頻率范圍：1MHz–9.4GHz

DANL/底噪：-155dBm(1Hz)

-170dBm(1Hz)/前置放大器

RF最大輸入功率：+20dBm(可選+40dBm)

模擬輸入：200nV–2V

RBW分辨率帶寬：200Hz–50MHz

EMC濾波器: 200Hz, 9kHz, 120kHz, 200kHz, 1.5MHz, 5MHz

解調(diào)器：AM/FM/PM/GSM

顯示單位： dBm, dBµV, V/m, A/m, W/m²

檢測(cè)器：RMS/MinMax

內(nèi)置數(shù)據(jù)記錄器：64K，可升級(jí)至1MB

FFT分辨率：1024

采樣時(shí)間：5mS

精度：+/-1dB

尺寸：260x86x23mm

重量：430g+250g(外置天線)聯(lián)系電話：18612524262QQ：349557082

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 電磁輻射分析儀

TT100TT100A超聲波測(cè)厚儀（基本型）

基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn):基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100，利用超聲波原理可以對(duì)任何超聲波良導(dǎo)體材料厚度進(jìn)行測(cè)量，如金屬類、塑料類、陶瓷類、玻璃類；拘统暡y(cè)厚儀TT100A在TT100基礎(chǔ)上增加了背光功能，適合在光線不好的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行測(cè)量。二、基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100基本型應(yīng)用：對(duì)各種板材和加工零件作精確測(cè)量對(duì)設(shè)備中各種管道和壓力容器進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)測(cè)使用過(guò)程中受腐蝕后的減薄程度廣泛應(yīng)用于石油、化工、冶金、造船、航空航天等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域三、基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100功能特點(diǎn):自動(dòng)校對(duì)零點(diǎn)：可對(duì)系統(tǒng)誤差進(jìn)行修正耦合提示、低電壓提示關(guān)機(jī)方式：自動(dòng)關(guān)機(jī)（無(wú)操作三分鐘后）聲速固定：可利用已知厚度試塊測(cè)量聲速數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)：可以存儲(chǔ)10個(gè)厚度值四、基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100技術(shù)參數(shù):測(cè)量范圍：0.8—300mm（鋼，由探頭決定）顯示分辨率：0.1mm聲速范圍：1000-9900m/s工件表面溫度：-10~+60顯示：四位液晶數(shù)字顯示測(cè)量精度：±（1%H+0.1）mm, H為實(shí)際厚度值管材測(cè)量下限：Ф20mmX3.0mm（5PФ10探頭,鋼材）操作時(shí)間：可連續(xù)操作250小時(shí)（2個(gè)AA型堿性電池，1.5V/個(gè)）五、基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100基本配置:主機(jī)探頭：5PФ10   5PФ10/90AA型堿性電池2節(jié)耦合劑隨機(jī)文件提箱六、基本型超聲波測(cè)厚儀TT100可選附件:超聲波測(cè)厚儀探頭 

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 其他 電解液測(cè)厚儀 涂層測(cè)厚儀 超聲波測(cè)厚儀 瑞典Easy-laser系列產(chǎn)品 漆包線檢測(cè)儀 影像測(cè)量?jī)x 測(cè)厚儀

CUS31-W2SCUM253-TU0610德國(guó)E+H分析儀CUS31-W2SCUM253-TU0610

CUS31-W2SCUM253-TU0610德國(guó)E+H分析儀

E+H 流量?jī)x表FMU90 FDU91 80F50 90WA1 FTL260

FTL51-AAL2CB4E6A11   L=3MFTM51-AGG2L4A12AA    L=500MM

北京E+H壓力變送器PMP731,FMD630,PMP45,PMC535

差壓PMD235  FMD630  FMD633 

智能型PMC731  PMP731  PMC631  PMC635  PMP635

經(jīng)濟(jì)型PMC41  PMC45  PMP41 PMP45  PMP46  PMP48  模擬型PMC133  PMC133Z  PMC134  PMC134Z  PMC330        PMC430  PMC531  PMC534  PMC535 PMC536 

小型化模擬型P30 P31 P40 P41

靜壓液位DB101  DB102  DB103  DB104  DB201

北京E+HP30-20006P30-20008P30-23005PMC531-D50A2P6G1GT PMC534-11FA2P6F10TPMP41-RE23P2J11G1PMC41-RE15H2H11T1 PMD235-KH4A2EA1A PMD235-KH4A2EA1AG0TPMC41-RE11F2H21TPMD235-KH4D2EB1CPMP41 RE13P2H21T1PMC41-RE11F2H21T1PMD235-KH4F2EB1C

PMC133-1R1F2P6G1K P41-P200A40PMC41-RE11SBR11R1DB101-G1TE205ZF PMC531-D25G2P3GTPMC531-D25G2P3PMC133-1B1F2P3F3VPMC45-RE11F2B1AG1PMC45-RE11F1A1AG1PMD235-KB4F2EB1AG0L3T2PMD235-KB4F2EB1APMC41-RE11M2J21T1PMC41-RE11P2J21T1PMC531-D50A2P6F1ZT P41-P200A38PMC531-D50A2P6F1ZTPMC534-11EA2P6G2FTPMC45-RE15H2H1AL1PMC133-1R1F2F6TPMC133-1R1F2F6－－－－-[TPMD235-XB4D2EB1C[T2] PMD235-KB4H2EB1CPMC41-RE21S2J1191

PMC131-A11F1D14PMC131-A11F1A1QPMC131-A11F1A1RPMC131-A11F1A1SPMC131-A11F1A1T PMC131-A11F1A1WPMC131-A12F1A1RPMC131-A31F1A1SPMC41-RE11M1C11M1PMC41-RE11M2C11M1PMC41-RE11M2J11M1PMC41-RE11P2A11M1PMC41-RE11P3J11M1 PMC41-RE11P3J11M1 PMC41-RE21H1A11M1PMC41-RE21M1P11T1PMC41-RE21P1C11M1PMC41-RE21P1J11R1 PMC41-RE21P1J11R1 PMC41-RE21SBJ11M1PMC41-RK11S2C11M1PMC41-RK11S2C11M1PMC45-RC11H3A1KL1PMC45-RE11M1C1DL4PMC45-RE11P1A1HL1PMC45-RE12P1J1AH4

PMP131-A1B01A1S, 0-10BarPMP131-A2411A1GPMP131-A2411A1TPMP41-LE27H1J21F1PMP41-RE23P1H11F1PMP41-RE23PBH11F1 range:0-10barPMP45-RE13P1J1ABFPMP46-RE23PBC1PBPMP48-RE13M1H1AGD1PMP131-A1B09AIT 0-16BAR 4-20MAPMC41-RE15H2H11T1

PMC131-AI1F1A3CPMP131-A1B01A1G

PMC133-1B1F2B6F1T 0-15KPAPMC71-ABA1H2GAAAAPMC41-RE15H2H11T1PMC731-R32SBM2 1M6

 

E+H 中國(guó)一級(jí)代理

PMD235智能差壓變送器

PMC131-A11F1D140-400mbar/4-20mA G1/2,IP65 E+HPMD235-KB4C1EA1A E+H

PMC731PMC631PMC635PMP731PMP635PMC41PMC45PMP41PMP45PMP46PMP48PMD235FMD630FMD633PMC133PMC133IzPMC134[z]pMC330PMC430ZPMC531PMC534[Z]PMC535[Z]PMC536[Z]P41-P230A33P41-P230A26P41-P200A40PMD235PMC1330PMC534PMC531PMP41-RK13P2A11M1PMP41PMP731PMC731P30P31P40PMC534-11FA2P6GFTPMC133 0-0.4MPA G1/2 PMP733 0-0.4MPA G1/2 不帶顯示PMP733 0-0.4MPA G1/2 帶顯示DB103-G11FA26PMC531-D40A2P6G2FTPMC731-R41P2H1R1GTPMC534-11FG2P6F14 G2外螺紋，0-400KPAPMD235-KH4D2EB1C（GOL3T）PMP41-RE13H2H11T1PMP41-RE13P2H11T1PMP41-RE13U2H11T1PMD235-KH4A2EB1C PMC534-11EA2F6T  PMC534-11EA2F6P PMD235-KH4F2EB1CPMC 133-1R1F2P6G1F  PMC531-D50A2P6G1GPMC731-R31P2H1T1 PMC133-1REF2F6TPMC133-1REF2P6T   PMC534-11FA2P6GFT    PMC133 0-0.4MPA G1/2     PMP733 0-0.4MPA G1/2 不帶顯示    PMP733 0-0.4MPA G1/2 帶顯示    DB103-G11FA26    PMC531-D40A2P6G2FT    PMC731-R41P2H1R1GT    PMC534-11FG2P6F14 G2外螺紋，0-400KPA    PMD235-KH4D2EB1C（GOL3T）    PMP41-RE13H2H11T1    PMP41-RE13P2H11T1    PMP41-RE13U2H11T1    PMD235-KH4A2EB1C     PMC534-11EA2F6T      PMC534-11EA2F6P     PMD235-KH4F2EB1C    PMC 133-1R1F2P6G1F      PMC531-D50A2P6G1G    PMC731-R31P2H1T1         PMC133-1REF2F6T    PMC133-1REF2P6T P30 - 10012PMD235-KB4D2EB2C PMC41-RE11P2J11R1G0L3TPMC534-11FA2P6TFMD630-KS4F2EA1CQ2[L3]PMC534-11EA2F6[T]PMC133-1R1F2F6[T]PMC531-D20A2P6F14（T）DB101-G1TE205M H=5M L=5M PMC731-R31C2H1R1[T]PMC531-D50A2P6F1ZTP41-P100A29PMC41-RC11M2J11A1PMC41-RE11C1A11M1P30 - 10012PMC45-RE11F2H1AL1PS61.XXAGPHANAX VEGABAR66XXBGBP1DHAMAPS61.XXBAEHKMXXPS65.XXKGPHKMXXPMD235-KH4D2EB1CPMP41 RE13P2H21T1PMC41-RE11F2H21T1PMD235-KH4F2EB1CP30-20006P30-20008P30-23005PMC41-RE11SBR11R1PMC133-1B1F2P3F3V（-10-0.1MPA）P41-P200A40DB101-G1TE205ZF I=8 D=1 H=8VIB61.XXAGDRKMXPMC41-RE11F2H21T1  0-100KPAPMC41-RE15H2H11T1PMD235-XH4A2EA1A[G0T]  0-14MPAPMC531-D25G2P3－－－－-[GT]PMP41-RE23P2J11G1SON65.XXAFPVDMXXVEGA SWING61.CAICVXMNXFPMC45-RE11F1A1AG1 PMC45-RE11F2B1AG1 PMC531-D50A2P6G1GT  0-1MPPMC534-11FA2P6F10T  0-100KPPMP131A2101A1GA9PMC41-RE15H2H11T1  PMD235-KH4A2EA1A[G0]  PMD235-KB4F2EB1A G0L3T2PMC41-RE11M2J21T1  PMC41-RE11P2J21T1 PMC531-D50A2P6F1ZT  P41-P200A38   0-0.6MPAPMC531-D50A2P6F1ZT 量程0-60KPPMD235-KB4A2EB1C[G0]PMC41-RE11F2J11R1PMP41-RC13P2A11T1PMP41-RC13Z2A11T1PMC41-RE11S2R11M1 PMP48-RE13M2H2EKH1（0-400KPa）PMC731-R41C2H1T1TPMC535-13BA2P6G1GWIDEPLUS HP6500PMC534-11EA2P6G2FT（0－－0.6MPa絕壓）PMC45-RE15H2H1AL1

PMC133-1R1F2F6[T]PMD235-XB4D2EB1C[T2] DB101-G1TE205ZF I=8 D=1 H=8PMC535-13BA2P6－－－－-（0-1MPA）PMD235-KB4H2EB1CPMD235-KB4H2EB1CPMP41-IE27H2J191 PMP41-IC11C2J11A1PMC41-RE21S2J1191PMC41-RE21S2J11A1FMP250-E5E1XCJAA2K

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 雷達(dá)式物位測(cè)量?jī)x表 物位儀表 壓力儀表 流量?jī)x表 執(zhí)行器 分析儀器 儀器儀表

施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊

 聯(lián)系人：
王工18372048130QQ1763639853
 施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊工作原理

施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊應(yīng)用程序內(nèi)存從物理上分為分布在內(nèi)部 RAM 存儲(chǔ)器上的內(nèi)存區(qū)和分布在 1 或 2 個(gè)PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡上的內(nèi)存區(qū)( 僅限在 140 CPU 651 50/60，140 CPU 652 60 和 140CPU 671 60 處理器上)：1 應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)總是位于內(nèi)部 RAM 中。該區(qū)按照用戶的習(xí)慣和選擇分成 2 類數(shù)據(jù)：v 查找型數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)于通過(guò)地址定義的數(shù)據(jù)( 例如 %MW237)，可能會(huì)使用符號(hào)與之關(guān)聯(lián)( 例如 Counting_rejects)v 非查找型數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)于只通過(guò)符號(hào)定義的數(shù)據(jù)。由于地址自動(dòng)分配，因而此類尋址消除了內(nèi)存“映射”管理限制。v DFB 未查找型數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)于 DFB 用戶功能塊。該對(duì)象區(qū)的大小僅受限于集成 RAM中的變量?jī)?nèi)存。2 應(yīng)用程序和符號(hào)區(qū)位于內(nèi)部 RAM 中或位于 PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡中( 描述符、任務(wù)執(zhí)行代碼和應(yīng)用程序符號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))。3 常量區(qū)位于內(nèi)部 RAM 中或位于 PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡中( 常量字、初始值和配置)。4 附加數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)區(qū)，用于分布式應(yīng)用程序存儲(chǔ)信息，如生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)和制造配方( 僅限140 CPU 651 50/60， 140 CPU 652 60 和 140 CPU 671 60 處理器)。根據(jù)應(yīng)用程序內(nèi)存大小的要求，可采用兩種內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)，取決于 Quantum 處理器(140CPU 651 50/60，140 CPU 652 60 或 140 CPU 671 60 訂貨號(hào)) 配有 0、1 或 2 個(gè) PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡：b 應(yīng)用程序位于內(nèi)部 RAM 中。應(yīng)用程序完全加載到處理器的采用電池供電的內(nèi)部RAM (2) 內(nèi)，其容量取決于處理器訂貨號(hào)。b 應(yīng)用程序位于 PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡中。內(nèi)部 RAM 保留用于應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)。PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡中含有程序空間( 程序區(qū)、符號(hào)和常量)。某些類型的 PCMCIA 內(nèi)存擴(kuò)展卡還可用于數(shù)據(jù)文件存儲(chǔ)區(qū)。常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊程序區(qū)是否要有符號(hào)區(qū)是可選的。在 PLC 上具有應(yīng)用程序符號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)意味著，當(dāng)將

其連接到一個(gè)不含任何應(yīng)用程序的編程終端時(shí)，調(diào)試或升級(jí)該 PLC 所需的一切元素都可從該 PLC 內(nèi)部得到。(1) 僅限 140 CPU 311 10/434 12U/534 14B 處理器。(2) 內(nèi)部 RAM 存儲(chǔ)器由一塊鎳鎘電池供電。RAM 內(nèi)存卡由一塊鋰電池保護(hù)。

產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn) 施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊主要信息狀況 Commercialised 范圍 Modicon Quantum 自動(dòng)化平臺(tái) 產(chǎn)品或組件類型 模擬量輸入模塊 補(bǔ)充信息模擬量輸入數(shù)量 8 輸入類型 差分 地址需求 9 輸入字 參數(shù)規(guī)格施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊模擬量輸入類型 溫度探針 2.5 mA Pt 100, Pt 200, Ni 100, Ni 200 溫度探針 0.5 mA Ni 100, Ni 200, Ni 500, Ni 1000 溫度探針 - 60...180 °C Ni 100, Ni 200, Ni 500, Ni 1000 溫度探針 - 200...850 °C Pt 100, Pt 200, Pt 500, Pt 1000 溫度探針 - 100...450 °C Pt 100, Pt 200, Pt 500, Pt 1000 模擬量輸入分辨率 13 位 輸入阻抗 >= 10 MOhm 絕對(duì)準(zhǔn)確度誤差 0.1 °C 線性度誤差 +/- 0.5 °C 全量程 +/- 0.01 % 溫度偏移精度 +/- 0.9 °C 在 0...60 °C +/- 0.5 °C 在 25 °C 各通道與總線之間的絕緣 1780 V 交流 47...63 Hz 用于 60 s 2500 V 直流 用于 60 s 通道間隔離 300 Vrms 交流 更新時(shí)間 640 ms 2 線/4 線 1200 ms 3線 故障類型 Overtacking scale 斷線 標(biāo)志 CE 就地信號(hào) 8 個(gè) LED 紅 通道故障 8 個(gè) LED 綠 通道打開(kāi) 1 LED 紅 外部故障 1 LED 綠 總線通信進(jìn)行中 (活動(dòng)) 需求總線電流 200 mA 功耗W 1 W 模塊分類 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 施耐德140ARI03010PLC模塊產(chǎn)品重量 0.3 kg 環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn) CSA C22.2 No 142 UL 508 產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證 CUL FM , 1類, 2分類 抗靜電放電 8 kV 廣播 conforming to IEC 801-2 4 kV 觸點(diǎn) conforming to IEC 801-2 抗電磁域 10 V/m 80...1000 MHz 符合 IEC 801-3 工作環(huán)境溫度 0...60 °C 存儲(chǔ)環(huán)境溫度 -40...85 °C 相對(duì)濕度 95 % 無(wú)冷凝 海拔高度 <= 5000 m  

140 ARI 03010

140 CPS 11100

140 DAO 84210

140 DRA 840 00

140ACI03000

140ACO13000140CPU43412A Quantum CPU 486,2M用戶邏輯,2MB,1MB+140CPU43412AC Quantum CPU 486,2M用戶邏輯,2MB,1MB+,CC140CPU43412U Quantum Unity Quantum 43412 CPU140CPU43412UC Quantum Unity Quantum 43412 CPU，帶涂敷涂層140CPU53414B Quantum Quantum 534 PLC CONTROLLER140CPU53414BC Quantum Quantum 534 PLC CONTROLLER CC140CPU65150 Quantum Unity Quantum CPU with Ethernet,w 512/71140CPU65160 Quantum Unity CPU 266MHz, 2M, 2048/7168K140CPU67160 Quantum Unity Quantum 67160 CPU

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： E+H 本特利 橫河 山武 艾默生 威卡 霍尼韋爾 邦納 倍加福 圖爾克 AB 西門子 施耐德

中興ZXDU48 H001，中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

 中興ZXDU48 H001，中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

  • 中興ZXDU48 H001，中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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    中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

     

  • ZXDU68 H001系統(tǒng)采用一體化機(jī)柜,可內(nèi)置一組蓄電池,集交流配電,直流配電,整流,監(jiān)控和蓄電池于一體。該系統(tǒng)可壁掛安裝于狹窄的安裝地點(diǎn),為負(fù)載提供穩(wěn)定可靠的-48V直流供電,并節(jié)省安裝空間。

  • 　　供應(yīng)ZXDU68 H001(90A)中興壁掛通信

     

     

    電源

     

     

    產(chǎn)品特性

    　　ZXDU48 H001(90A) 是由中興通訊設(shè)計(jì)的壁掛式高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置60A,滿容量達(dá)90A,由3個(gè)ZXD1000(30A)整流器組成。

    　　ZXDU48 H001系統(tǒng)采用一體化機(jī)柜,可內(nèi)置一組蓄電池,集交流配電,直流配電,整流,監(jiān)控和蓄電池于一體。該系統(tǒng)可壁掛安裝于狹窄的安裝地點(diǎn),為負(fù)載提供穩(wěn)定可靠的-48V直流供電,并節(jié)省安裝空間。

     

    • 系統(tǒng)采用前接線,前維護(hù)設(shè)計(jì),并提供RS232,干接點(diǎn)等聯(lián)接監(jiān)控方式,便于使用及維護(hù)管理。
    • 直流配電：6路直流負(fù)載輸出,具備電池下電和負(fù)載下電功能。
    • 內(nèi)置空間：能放入一組38AH/12V*4電池.。
    • 整機(jī)尺寸：700mm*550mm*300mm(H*W*D)
    • 整機(jī)重量：32kg（不整流器,蓄電池,CSU）　　

    • 　供應(yīng)ZXDU68 H001(90A)中興壁掛通信電源

      • 壁掛式電源,滿容量90A
      • 液晶電視尺寸,節(jié)省占地空間和機(jī)房租金費(fèi)用
      • 一結(jié)構(gòu)平臺(tái),模塊化設(shè)計(jì),靈活選配,平滑擴(kuò)容,最大90A中興ZXDU48 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜
      • 第五代電源,輸出效率高達(dá)96%
      • 前接線,前維護(hù),便于安裝及維護(hù)
      • 可內(nèi)置1組38Ah鉛酸電池,電池艙獨(dú)立風(fēng)道設(shè)計(jì),安全性能升級(jí)　　
      　　

       

       

       

      　　應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

      • 通信基礎(chǔ)站
      • 微波,傳輸,地面衛(wèi)星站中興ZXDU48 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜
      • 室內(nèi)覆蓋站點(diǎn)
      • 其他需要直流-48V的室內(nèi)壁掛式應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

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        The ZXDU68 H001 system uses an integrated cabinet, which can build a set of batteries, which integrates AC distribution, DC distribution, rectification, monitoring ａnd storage battery. The system can be mounted on a narrow installation site, providing a stable ａnd reliable -48V DC power supply for the load, ａnd saving the installation space.

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        Characteristics of the supply of ZXDU68 H001 (90A) Zhongxing wall hanging communication power supply

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        ZXDU68 H001 (90A) is a wall mounted high-frequency switching power supply system designed by ZTE. The system has standard 60A configuration, ａnd the full capacity is up to 90A. It consists of 3 ZXD1000 (30A) rectifiers.

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        The ZXDU68 H001 system uses an integrated cabinet, which can build a set of batteries, which integrates AC distribution, DC distribution, rectification, monitoring ａnd storage battery. The system can be mounted on a narrow installation site, providing a stable ａnd reliable -48V DC power supply for the load, ａnd saving the installation space.

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        The system uses the front connection, the front maintenance design, ａnd provides the RS232, the dry connection ａnd so on connection monitoring mode, easy to use ａnd maintain the management.

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        DC power distribution: 6 DC load output, with battery power ａnd load power.

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        Built in space: it can be placed in a set of 38AH/12V*4 batteries.

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        Whole machine size: 700mm*550mm*300mm (H*W*D)

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        Machine weight: 32kg (non rectifier, battery, CSU)

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        Supply ZXDU68 H001 (90A) Zhongxing wall hanging communication power supply

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        Wall mounted power supply, full capacity 90A

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        LCD TV size, save space ａnd rental cost of machine room

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        A structural platform, modular design, flexible selection, smooth expansion, maximum 90A

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        Fifth generation power supply, the output efficiency is up to 96%

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        Front connection, front maintenance, easy to install ａnd maintain

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        The 1 sets of 38Ah lead-acid batteries can be built in, the battery compartment independent air duct is desi中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜gned ａnd the safety performance is upgraded.

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        application area

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        Communication base station中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        Microwave, transmission, WeiXing Railway Station

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        Indoor coverage site

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        Other indoor wall hanging applications requiring DC -48V

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        近年來(lái)，各行各業(yè)逐步吹響了節(jié)能減排的戰(zhàn)斗號(hào)角，在宏觀政策的引導(dǎo)下，電力、鋼鐵等高能耗行業(yè)紛紛加強(qiáng)技術(shù)革新，節(jié)能減排工作取得了初步成效。而在電信運(yùn)營(yíng)行業(yè)，通信機(jī)房作為節(jié)能減排的重點(diǎn)，對(duì)溫度、濕度等要求更高，在企業(yè)節(jié)能減排工作中應(yīng)該引起高度重視。

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        通信機(jī)房節(jié)能減排的措施

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        通信機(jī)房節(jié)能減排應(yīng)從管理節(jié)能和技術(shù)節(jié)能兩方面雙管齊下，以管理節(jié)能為基礎(chǔ)，逐步開(kāi)展技術(shù)節(jié)能，積極穩(wěn)妥地實(shí)施節(jié)能減排。

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        管理節(jié)能

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        管理節(jié)能主要應(yīng)考慮兩個(gè)方面。首先，在通信機(jī)房工程設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)給出較詳細(xì)的負(fù)荷計(jì)算說(shuō)明和節(jié)能技術(shù)措施說(shuō)明。目前的通信機(jī)房設(shè)計(jì)大多是用概算指標(biāo)估算，且在估算過(guò)程中再加大負(fù)荷，使硬件設(shè)備長(zhǎng)期在低負(fù)荷、低效率下運(yùn)行，大馬拉小車現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。所以必須加強(qiáng)工程設(shè)計(jì)審核，嚴(yán)格把關(guān)；另外，必須把節(jié)能思想意識(shí)逐漸引入到各部門中，使通信機(jī)房在規(guī)劃、布局、色彩、方位及材料等方面為節(jié)能創(chuàng)造條件。

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        其次，必須加強(qiáng)制度建設(shè)，完善各種節(jié)能管理制度，做到賞罰分明，如：采用下送風(fēng)方式的專用空調(diào)機(jī)房，在維護(hù)或施工人員檢修或布放線纜后，應(yīng)及時(shí)蓋上靜電地板；定期檢查機(jī)房孔洞封堵情況，避免冷氣泄漏；將機(jī)房照明燈統(tǒng)一更換成節(jié)能燈照明；機(jī)房空調(diào)的溫度設(shè)置不能過(guò)低，一般在攝氏24至26度之間，采用舒適空調(diào)的一般性機(jī)房，在大氣溫度低于攝氏18度以下時(shí)，可以考慮停開(kāi)空調(diào)，等等。

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        技術(shù)節(jié)能

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        技術(shù)節(jié)能就是通過(guò)采用各種新材料、新工藝或技術(shù)改造等措施來(lái)達(dá)到節(jié)能目的。

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        通信設(shè)備用電：由于通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)在用設(shè)備新舊交錯(cuò)，耗電量也參差不齊。通過(guò)更換效率低下的在網(wǎng)設(shè)備，合理調(diào)整用電負(fù)荷能夠有效節(jié)能。

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        （一）“電改光”實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排：隨著數(shù)字通信的高速發(fā)展，交換設(shè)備也隨之大量增加，傳統(tǒng)的用電纜連接交換設(shè)備的弊端日益突出：一是機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)數(shù)字配線架數(shù)量急劇增加，電纜密布，走線槽道不堪重負(fù)，機(jī)房空間嚴(yán)重不足；二是材料、能源消耗多，污染嚴(yán)重，且有些材料沒(méi)有再利用價(jià)值，成為污染性工業(yè)垃圾；三是工程建設(shè)難度大、周期長(zhǎng)，傳輸工程施工中同軸電纜的布放、焊接、測(cè)試消耗工日最多，特別是走線槽道空間不足時(shí)布線非常困難；四是網(wǎng)絡(luò)維護(hù)中連接件故障率高，2M電路的同軸電纜接頭衰耗大，傳輸距離短，易出虛焊，易受靜電干擾，經(jīng)常發(fā)生連接件故障。為此，采用交換設(shè)備間光口直連技術(shù)，大量節(jié)約機(jī)房面積和原料（一對(duì)光纖可以替代原來(lái)的63個(gè)2M端口），且節(jié)能降耗，同時(shí)還能縮短工期（光口中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜直連操作簡(jiǎn)便，較電路直連工期可節(jié)省三分之一）及便于維護(hù)。

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        （二）服務(wù)器產(chǎn)品節(jié)能：以往大家比較忽視的電源供應(yīng)器，其實(shí)是耗電的元兇之一——若輸出轉(zhuǎn)換效率不夠好，其會(huì)消耗更多電力。電源供應(yīng)器的輸出轉(zhuǎn)換效率對(duì)于省電有多大幫助呢？目前已有多家廠商采用通過(guò)“80 Plus”認(rèn)證的電源供應(yīng)器，據(jù)測(cè)試，服務(wù)器采用了該電源供應(yīng)器后，耗電量減少了27%。另外，適當(dāng)降低電源供應(yīng)器的瓦數(shù)也可節(jié)省電力。同時(shí)，服務(wù)器廠商采用的2.5寸硬盤的耗電量也僅為3.5寸硬盤的一半。

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        （三）機(jī)柜節(jié)能：透過(guò)水冷機(jī)柜降低空調(diào)費(fèi)用，水冷機(jī)柜如同冰箱后方的冷卻導(dǎo)管，可將機(jī)柜排放的熱能直接與冷卻水交換，讓服務(wù)器排放的熱量直接被帶走，降低空調(diào)費(fèi)用。節(jié)能型機(jī)柜采用了Speed-Step技術(shù)進(jìn)行頻率和供電的管理；從交流供電轉(zhuǎn)化為直流供電（高效的直流電源可將電能的轉(zhuǎn)換效率從原來(lái)的80%以下提高到85%以上）。另外把服務(wù)器的風(fēng)扇和部件更多地模塊化，在系統(tǒng)不使用相關(guān)部件時(shí)盡量使其處于不工作狀態(tài)，這樣也能有效地降低無(wú)用功率損耗。采取上述措施后，在一個(gè)包含30臺(tái)服務(wù)器的機(jī)柜中，能耗節(jié)省將超過(guò)18%。

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        （四）整并讓刀片服務(wù)器省電效益更顯著：目前機(jī)架服務(wù)器風(fēng)扇的省電效率仍不及刀片服務(wù)器，主要原因在于，刀片機(jī)箱內(nèi)所有的刀片運(yùn)算模塊共享散熱風(fēng)扇、電源供應(yīng)器與網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備。機(jī)柜的通孔率高達(dá)83%，高通孔率再配以先進(jìn)的風(fēng)扇系統(tǒng)所提供的強(qiáng)力散熱氣流，充分滿足了刀片式服務(wù)器高熱密度的散熱需求，減少了機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)的能源消耗，為其營(yíng)造了“綠色空間”。

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        （五）“程控交換機(jī)減容”實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排：近年來(lái)，固話業(yè)務(wù)不斷萎縮，造成大量用戶機(jī)架閑置，而這些閑置的用戶機(jī)盤照樣消耗著不少電量，適時(shí)、有針對(duì)性地做好“程控交換機(jī)減容”工作，既可以節(jié)省通信機(jī)房用電量，又可以減少設(shè)備機(jī)架的熱排放量，做到兩全其美。值得注意的是，減容后的程控交換機(jī)用戶機(jī)架及線纜要及時(shí)拆除，以免阻礙機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)氣流暢通，影響空調(diào)制冷效果。

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        機(jī)房環(huán)境用電：機(jī)房環(huán)境節(jié)能的重點(diǎn)是空調(diào)節(jié)能。從技術(shù)的角度探討，主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面。

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        （一）變頻技術(shù)節(jié)能：這是一種應(yīng)用廣泛的電機(jī)節(jié)能技術(shù)。應(yīng)用了變頻技術(shù)的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)一方面降低了開(kāi)關(guān)損耗，另一方面提高了低頻運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的能效。在空調(diào)多種節(jié)能技術(shù)的應(yīng)用中，變頻技術(shù)是比較有效和成熟的技術(shù)。目前，在通信機(jī)房空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中，變頻節(jié)能技術(shù)主要有中央空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)變頻調(diào)速節(jié)能及機(jī)房專用空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)變頻兩種方式。

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        在中央空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)變頻調(diào)速節(jié)能方式中，采用交流變頻技術(shù)控制水泵的運(yùn)行是目前中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能改造的有效途經(jīng)之一。當(dāng)所需流量減少，水泵轉(zhuǎn)速降低時(shí)，其電動(dòng)機(jī)的所需功率按轉(zhuǎn)速的三次方下降，如水泵轉(zhuǎn)速下降到額定轉(zhuǎn)速的60%，即f=30Hz時(shí)，其電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率下降了78.4%，即節(jié)電率為78.4%。

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        而在機(jī)房專用空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)變頻方式下，應(yīng)用了變頻技術(shù)的空調(diào)機(jī)一方面降低了開(kāi)關(guān)損耗，另一方面提高了低頻運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)的能效。不過(guò)由于變頻技術(shù)的核心原理為高頻脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)，使用變頻器就相當(dāng)于增加了一個(gè)諧波源，而且空調(diào)設(shè)備的功率一般都比較大，因此對(duì)通信電源低壓配電系統(tǒng)的諧波干擾，以及通信設(shè)備的

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        電磁干擾

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        不容忽視。中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        在采用中央空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)變頻調(diào)速節(jié)能方式時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量將空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的低壓配電與通信設(shè)備的低壓配電分隔開(kāi)。機(jī)房專用空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)采用變頻技術(shù)，則應(yīng)注意與通信設(shè)備保持距離并做好電磁防護(hù)措施。

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        （二）機(jī)房專用空調(diào)的自適應(yīng)控制節(jié)能技術(shù)：通過(guò)自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)房不同的工況條件、空調(diào)冷量分布、風(fēng)量擴(kuò)張循環(huán)等綜合數(shù)據(jù)，動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤計(jì)算空調(diào)在外部不同季節(jié)的環(huán)境溫度與室內(nèi)目標(biāo)溫度的關(guān)系，以及空調(diào)當(dāng)前的富余容量，精確控制“N+1”、“N+0”、“N-1” 等臺(tái)空調(diào)數(shù)量的優(yōu)先開(kāi)關(guān)機(jī)順序，使空調(diào)組群始終處于最合理的工作狀態(tài)，提高優(yōu)化冷量的利用效果，達(dá)到空調(diào)效率最大化。該系統(tǒng)的安裝和施工簡(jiǎn)單方便，不需對(duì)機(jī)房結(jié)構(gòu)做任何變動(dòng)，不影響原有空調(diào)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，具有較好的安全性、可靠性，日常維護(hù)也相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單方便。

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        （三）冷水機(jī)組空調(diào)水處理：在冷水機(jī)組中，空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)水管的水垢、腐蝕及青苔對(duì)制冷系統(tǒng)影響極大，也是空調(diào)中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜能耗高的重要原因之一。定期對(duì)空調(diào)水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行水處理是降低消耗、提高空調(diào)系統(tǒng)工作效率的一種方法。此外，采用高頻多段磁場(chǎng)對(duì)冷卻水系統(tǒng)及冷凍水系統(tǒng)的水質(zhì)進(jìn)行處理，也是一種可行的方法。

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        （四）利用自然冷源的節(jié)能技術(shù)——新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)：其原理是利用機(jī)房室外的自然環(huán)境為冷源，當(dāng)室外空氣溫度比室內(nèi)低一定程度時(shí)，依靠通風(fēng)將機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)的熱量帶走，實(shí)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)散熱，從而達(dá)到降低機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)部溫度的目的，通過(guò)減少空調(diào)的使用時(shí)間達(dá)到節(jié)約電能的目的。新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)主要有自然通風(fēng)及熱交換兩種類型。

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        當(dāng)室外空氣溫度較低時(shí)，自然通風(fēng)新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)直接將室外低溫空氣送至室內(nèi)，為室內(nèi)降溫。當(dāng)室外溫度高，不足以帶走室內(nèi)熱量時(shí)，則仍然開(kāi)啟空調(diào)工作；熱交換新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)在室外新風(fēng)冷源的利用上采用了隔絕換熱的方式，只利用室外新風(fēng)作為冷源帶走熱量，室外空氣并不直接進(jìn)入室內(nèi)，而室內(nèi)空氣通過(guò)換熱冷卻后再被送回室內(nèi)。

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        新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)工作原理簡(jiǎn)單，節(jié)能效果比較直接，但要注意兩點(diǎn)：，自然通風(fēng)新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)直接引入室外的空氣，使機(jī)房環(huán)境直接受外界影響，因此，如何保證機(jī)房的溫度、濕度、潔凈度，有待探討；第二，新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的效率主要受室內(nèi)外溫差的影響，各地由于緯度、地勢(shì)和地理?xiàng)l件不同，氣候差異懸殊，因此節(jié)能效果也因地而異，需要通過(guò)實(shí)踐來(lái)驗(yàn)證。

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        （五）新型制冷劑節(jié)能技術(shù)：目前已有一些R4**制冷劑替代常用的R12、R22等制冷物質(zhì)，這種環(huán)保節(jié)能型制冷劑在某些地方進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)性應(yīng)用，取得了一定的效果，但也存在一些問(wèn)題。根據(jù)目前掌握的資料和數(shù)據(jù)表明，使用R4**制冷劑的實(shí)際節(jié)能效果受各種因素影響，與理論計(jì)算有一定誤差，需要進(jìn)一步在不同環(huán)境和條件下進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試，并在實(shí)際使用環(huán)境中跟蹤，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間測(cè)量有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，觀察設(shè)備的運(yùn)行情況。

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        諧波治理：諧波對(duì)電網(wǎng)的危害眾所周知。對(duì)諧波的治理，除了改善供電質(zhì)量外，通過(guò)減少無(wú)功功率的消耗，也可以起到節(jié)能的效果。

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        提高空調(diào)制冷效率的有效辦法

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        提高空調(diào)制冷效率的一個(gè)有效辦法是實(shí)現(xiàn)“按需制冷”，將冷媒送到最貼近熱源的地方，也就是將制冷方式從房間級(jí)制冷轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)柜級(jí)別制冷，最后到芯片級(jí)制冷，這也正是機(jī)房制冷的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

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        傳統(tǒng)機(jī)房空調(diào)很少考慮機(jī)柜內(nèi)部溫度，僅能保證機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)溫度符合要求，而實(shí)際上，由于刀片服務(wù)器的使用，機(jī)柜內(nèi)很容易出現(xiàn)局部熱點(diǎn)。對(duì)此，傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)只能是靠進(jìn)一步降低機(jī)房溫度來(lái)解決，由此造成浪費(fèi)也在所難免。針對(duì)這種狀況，市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)了一種機(jī)柜級(jí)制冷的空調(diào)，它將制冷系統(tǒng)安裝在機(jī)柜之間，把冷風(fēng)送到各個(gè)機(jī)柜的正面，然后從機(jī)柜的后部抽取熱風(fēng)。由于冷風(fēng)直接送到熱源附近，不像傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)房采用底部送風(fēng)或天花板送風(fēng)，因而可以保證機(jī)柜內(nèi)不出現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，與傳統(tǒng)制冷系統(tǒng)相比，該制冷系統(tǒng)的電力消耗會(huì)節(jié)省50%以上。

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        如果說(shuō)從傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?ldquo;按需制冷”，還需投入一定資金對(duì)機(jī)房進(jìn)行改造因而不具有普遍性的話，也有一些不需要很大投入的節(jié)能方法，卻同樣能達(dá)到很好的節(jié)能效果。比如，將機(jī)柜兩兩相對(duì)，也就是在送風(fēng)的冷風(fēng)道上將兩排機(jī)柜面對(duì)面擺放，而回風(fēng)的熱風(fēng)道上將兩排機(jī)柜背靠背擺放。冷熱風(fēng)道的形式減少了冷熱風(fēng)會(huì)合的可能性，從而提高了冷風(fēng)的利用率。另外，在系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)上盡可能采用下送風(fēng)、上回風(fēng)的送風(fēng)方式，對(duì)機(jī)柜內(nèi)部的氣流組織更細(xì)化，加裝阻風(fēng)盲板和氣流分配單元等，對(duì)空調(diào)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一控制和及時(shí)維護(hù)，防止有的空調(diào)在加濕，而有的空調(diào)在除濕的現(xiàn)象，這些都是非常有效的節(jié)能技巧。

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        實(shí)際上，在制冷方面，國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)外都有很多成功案例，不少通信機(jī)房獨(dú)創(chuàng)了很多高效率的制冷方法，值得借鑒。在國(guó)外，借助自然界天然冷空氣來(lái)為機(jī)房降溫已經(jīng)受到重視，據(jù)報(bào)道，位于美國(guó)羅德島的布萊恩特大學(xué)也在借助冰雪天氣來(lái)節(jié)約機(jī)房的電能消耗。其數(shù)據(jù)中心配有一套封閉的以乙二醇為冷卻劑的循環(huán)制冷系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)天氣很冷時(shí)，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)利用室外的冷空氣給冷卻劑降溫，僅此一項(xiàng)就降低了20%–30%的電能消耗。

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        通信機(jī)房節(jié)能注意要點(diǎn)

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        首先，節(jié)能必須保證通信安全。節(jié)能不能影響機(jī)房環(huán)境質(zhì)量、降低和導(dǎo)致設(shè)備壽命縮短。提倡通過(guò)合理調(diào)整設(shè)備工況實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能目標(biāo)，這種節(jié)能方式能起到延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備壽命的作用。

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        其次，節(jié)能的效果不是無(wú)限的。節(jié)能只是把一些原來(lái)富余的冷量、電量、水量、風(fēng)量節(jié)約下來(lái)，而不應(yīng)把正常生產(chǎn)該消耗的能量也節(jié)省掉。如果一個(gè)機(jī)房所配置的空調(diào)不足，全部設(shè)備開(kāi)起來(lái)也不能滿足要求，就根本談不上空調(diào)的節(jié)能問(wèn)題。

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        第三，節(jié)能需要有一定的投入。節(jié)能技術(shù)的應(yīng)用要增加或改造一定數(shù)量設(shè)備，也要增加設(shè)備維護(hù)工作量。應(yīng)該對(duì)節(jié)能項(xiàng)目是否能做到既節(jié)約能源又降低運(yùn)營(yíng)成本進(jìn)行跟蹤測(cè)試，并在作出綜合評(píng)估之后再?zèng)Q定是否需要啟動(dòng)節(jié)能項(xiàng)目。中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        第四，節(jié)能必須因地制宜，不能生搬硬套。例如，新風(fēng)節(jié)能系統(tǒng)在我國(guó)北方和低溫季節(jié)使用效果很好，但在南方和高溫天氣就會(huì)受到限制。應(yīng)該先進(jìn)行試點(diǎn)并詳細(xì)測(cè)試，取得經(jīng)驗(yàn)后再逐步推廣。

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        結(jié)語(yǔ)

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        綜上可見(jiàn)，通信機(jī)房的節(jié)能減排工作大有潛力可挖，只要我們樹(shù)立“從我做起，從現(xiàn)在做起”的行動(dòng)準(zhǔn)則，切切實(shí)實(shí)行動(dòng)起來(lái)，一定會(huì)取得滿意的成效。

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        文/湖北電信石首分公司朱少華 湖北省電信工程有限公司朱碩 

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        In recent years, all walks of life have begun to blow the battle cry for energy conservation ａnd emission reduction. Under the guidance of macro policies, power ａnd steel ａnd other energy intensive industries have intensified technological innovation, ａnd achieved initial results in energy conservation ａnd emission reduction. In telecom operation industry, the communication room is the focus of energy saving ａnd emission reduction, ａnd has higher requirements for temperature ａnd humidity. It should be highly valued in the work of energy saving ａnd emission reduction in enterprises.

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        Measures for energy saving ａnd emission reduction in communication machine room

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        Communication room energy saving ａnd emission reduction should be managed from two aspects of management, energy saving ａnd technology ａnd energy saving. Based on management energy saving, we should gradually carry out technical energy saving ａnd actively ａnd steadily implement energy saving ａnd emission reduction.

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        Management of energy saving

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        Two aspects should be taken into account in the management of energy conservation.  First of all, the detailed description of load calculation ａnd energy saving technical measures should be given in the engineering design of the communication machine room. Most of the current communication room design is estimated by budgetary indicators, ａnd the load is increased during the estimation process, which makes the hardware devices run at low load ａnd low efficiency for a long time. The phenomenon of Malaya car is serious. Therefore, we must strengthen the engineering design audit ａnd strictly control. In addition, we must gradually introduce energy saving ideology into all sectors, so as to create conditions for the communication room to save energy in terms of planning, layout, color, location ａnd materials.

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        Secondly, we must strengthen the system construction, improve energy management system, reward, such as: special air conditioning room air supply by the construction personnel in the maintenance or repair or cable laying, should be promptly covered with static floor; regularly check room hole plugging condition, avoid air leakage; the room lamp unified replacement into energy-saving lamp lighting; room air conditioning temperature settings can not be too low, generally between 24 to 26 degrees Celsius, the general air conditioning room comfortable, in the atmospheric temperature below 18 degrees Celsius below, you can consider to stop air conditioning, etc..

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        Technology energy saving

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        Technology saving energy is to achieve the purpose of saving energy by adopting various new materials, new technology or technological transformation.

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        Communication equipment electricity: because the communication network is interlaced with new ａnd old equipment, the power consumption is also uneven. Through the replacement of low efficiency in the network equipment, the reasonable adjustment of the electric load can effectively save energy.

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        (a) "the power to change the light to realize energy saving ａnd emission reduction: with the rapid development of digital communication, equipment will be a substantial increase in exchange for traditional cable connection exchange equipment has become increasingly prominent drawbacks: one is the room within the digital distribution frame a sharp increase in the number of cables, clouds, wire channel overwhelmed, room space shortage; two is the material ａnd energy consumption, serious pollution, ａnd some materials no longer use value, become the pollution of industrial waste; three is the construction difficult, long cycle, transmission construction of coaxial cable laying, welding, testing work consumes most, especially the wiring very difficult go line lack of channel space; four is the maintenance of network connections ａnd high fault rate, coaxial cable connector attenuation 2M circuit, short transmission distance, easy to weld, susceptible to electrostatic interference, often even Fault of connection. To this end, the exchange between the equipment of light direct technology, large room area ａnd save the raw materials (a pair of fiber can replace 63 2M ports of the original), ａnd energy saving, but also can shorten the construction period (direct port operation, a direct circuit can save 1/3 time) ａnd convenient maintenance.

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        (two) server product energy saving: the power supply that we used to neglect before is actually one of the main contributors of power consumption. If the output conversion efficiency is not good enough, it will consume more power. How does the output conversion efficiency of the power supply help to save electricity? At present, many vendors have adopted the "80 Plus" certification power supply. According to the test, the power consumption is reduced by 27% after the power supply is used by the server. In addition, a proper reduction in the wattage of the power supply can also save electricity. At the same time, the 2.5 inch hard disk used by the server manufacturer is only half the power consumption of the 3.5 inch hard disk.

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        (three) cabinet energy saving: reduce the cost of air conditioning through the water-cooled cabinet. The water cooling cabinet is like the cooling catheter behind the fridge. It can exchange the heat discharged from the cabinet directly with the cooling water, so that the heat discharged from the server can be directly taken away, ａnd the air conditioning cost will be reduced. The energy saving cabinet adopts Speed-Step technology to manage frequency ａnd power supply. From AC power supply to DC power supply (efficient DC power supply, the conversion efficiency of electric energy can be increased from less than 80% to 85%). In addition, the fan ａnd components of the server are modularized. If the system does not use related components, it will keep it in a state of no operation, which can also effectively reduce the useless power loss. After taking the above measures, the energy saving will be more than 18% in a cabinet with 30 servers.

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        (four) let the blade server save electricity more effectively. The power saving efficiency of rack server fan is still less than that of blade server. The main reason is that all blade operation modules in blade box share fan, power supply ａnd network device. The through-hole rate of the cabinet is as high as 83%, ａnd the high pass porosity is matched with the strong cooling air flow provided by the advanced fan system, which fully meets the heat dissipation demand of the blade server＇s high heat density, reduces the energy consumpt中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜ion in the computer room, ａnd creates a "green space" for it.

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        (five) "reducing the volume of SPC exchanges" to achieve energy saving ａnd emission reduction: in recent years, the fixed line business has been shrinking, resulting in a large number of user rack idle, ａnd these idle user disk still consume a lot of electricity, timely ａnd targeted to do well in SPC exchanges.

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        眾所周知，電信事業(yè)在最近十年間正蓬勃迅猛地發(fā)展，到2012年底，全球移動(dòng)用戶數(shù)將突破60億，寬帶用戶數(shù)將突破6億。目前國(guó)內(nèi)移動(dòng)用戶數(shù)已突破10億，寬帶用戶數(shù)已接近2億。數(shù)字化時(shí)代已經(jīng)將人們的生活與電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)緊密聯(lián)系在一起，成為不可或缺的一部分。而人們對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)質(zhì)量的訴求也越來(lái)越高，穩(wěn)定可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為了當(dāng)前電信行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的一個(gè)主要方面。

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        可靠的供電解決方案是保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵因素

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        由于大多數(shù)電信設(shè)備都需要-48V的直流電源，將交流電網(wǎng)的電能轉(zhuǎn)換為穩(wěn)定可靠的直流電能的直流電源系統(tǒng)就成為了保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)正常運(yùn)行的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。因?yàn)橐坏┲绷麟娫聪到y(tǒng)發(fā)生故障，將會(huì)影響電信設(shè)備的正常工作，甚至有導(dǎo)致通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

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        中心機(jī)房作為電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)據(jù)交換樞紐，承載著區(qū)域、地市、甚至省份之間的語(yǔ)音、數(shù)據(jù)等業(yè)務(wù)的中轉(zhuǎn)、交換和費(fèi)用結(jié)算等工作，服務(wù)于數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的用戶，是整個(gè)電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的核心，具有極其重要的地位。因此，給中心機(jī)房電信設(shè)備供電的大功率電源具有不可忽視的作用。

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        作為業(yè)界的信息與通信解決方案供應(yīng)商，華為以其對(duì)電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的深刻理解及世界級(jí)的研發(fā)力量，推出了為中心機(jī)房定制的分立式大功率電源解決方案——TP483000D。在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)階段，由于深刻理解中心機(jī)房的重要性，所以華為始終把電源產(chǎn)品的可靠性放在位，并且從一開(kāi)始，我們就著眼于提供從模塊到系統(tǒng)，再到整個(gè)組網(wǎng)的電信級(jí)可靠性解決方案。

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        先進(jìn)的技術(shù)打造高效可靠的整流模塊，從根本處保障穩(wěn)定供電

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        對(duì)于直流電源系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，最核心的部件是整流模塊，這也是決定整個(gè)電源系統(tǒng)性能的主要部件。華為專業(yè)的開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)，通過(guò)PFC及LLC的技術(shù)，率先實(shí)現(xiàn)了大功率整流模塊內(nèi)的濾波電容低頻化及模塊器件分散化設(shè)計(jì)，有效降低了電容的工作頻率，并且增加了模塊內(nèi)部器件的散熱面積，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在器件級(jí)別提升模塊的可靠性。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)，將模塊的平均無(wú)故障工作時(shí)間提升至54萬(wàn)小時(shí)，居于業(yè)界水平。另外，通過(guò)交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)的PFC技術(shù)，整流模塊的三次諧波被大大降低，使得THD能夠有效控制在3%以內(nèi)，在保證模塊可靠供電的同時(shí)，也減少了對(duì)電網(wǎng)的污染。與此同時(shí)，這一系列技術(shù)在提升可靠性的同時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了超低損耗電能轉(zhuǎn)換，使模塊的整流效率達(dá)到了接近于97%的水平，不僅使模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)高可靠，同時(shí)也實(shí)現(xiàn)了高效率。對(duì)于一個(gè)中等規(guī)模的中心機(jī)房來(lái)說(shuō)，每年可以節(jié)省用電量10萬(wàn)千瓦時(shí)以上，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了綠色環(huán)保的高可靠性能。在電路控制上，華為自研的模塊DSP主控芯片采用了先進(jìn)的邏輯算法，使華為大功率整流模塊率先實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)零線輸入及缺相工作。目前，業(yè)界傳統(tǒng)的整流模塊都需要通過(guò)引入零線來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)電壓平衡，零線缺失很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致模塊燒毀或非正常報(bào)警，而華為通過(guò)先進(jìn)的芯片級(jí)電路控制，以虛擬零線的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了無(wú)零線輸入；同時(shí)，DSP通過(guò)智能電相調(diào)節(jié)，使在某一火線缺失時(shí)，模塊仍然可以保持50%的功率輸出，從而保證了在發(fā)生極端情況時(shí)，盡可能的減少甚至消除對(duì)后端負(fù)載的影響，保證中心機(jī)房的設(shè)備能安全穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行。

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        出色的配電監(jiān)控、完善的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)及智能的

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        電池

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        管理，保障中心機(jī)房網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行

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        除了在模塊上有著先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來(lái)保障可靠性，在整個(gè)電源系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上，華為同樣也保持著可靠性優(yōu)先的理念。

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        我們都知道，中心機(jī)房里的設(shè)備至關(guān)重要，關(guān)系著整個(gè)電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的正常運(yùn)行。我們不但要保證供電設(shè)備能提供穩(wěn)定可靠的電能，同時(shí)從一開(kāi)始就預(yù)防各類事故的發(fā)生，包括在極端情況下，電信設(shè)備能夠被充分的保護(hù)。例如，針對(duì)負(fù)載過(guò)流故障，華為的分立式電源系統(tǒng)給重要負(fù)載支路都配備分流器，能對(duì)重要負(fù)載進(jìn)行分別監(jiān)控，及時(shí)了解每路負(fù)載的電流大小，并給這些重要負(fù)載支路設(shè)立一個(gè)預(yù)警點(diǎn)，當(dāng)電流達(dá)到預(yù)警設(shè)置點(diǎn)時(shí)，系統(tǒng)能及時(shí)發(fā)出告警。通過(guò)本地聲光報(bào)警系統(tǒng)通知到運(yùn)維人員，這樣運(yùn)維人員就能及時(shí)了解異常情況并且迅速將故障解除。如果沒(méi)有運(yùn)維人員在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)巡檢，電源系統(tǒng)還設(shè)計(jì)了多重監(jiān)控報(bào)警輸出方式，可通過(guò)華為先進(jìn)的NetEco網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)或現(xiàn)網(wǎng)動(dòng)力環(huán)境監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，將報(bào)警信息能夠及時(shí)傳遞到監(jiān)控中心相關(guān)運(yùn)維人員，使得故障能夠及時(shí)被解決。同時(shí)，華為的NetEco網(wǎng)管系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程告警功能，可通過(guò)無(wú)線信號(hào)，將報(bào)警信息通過(guò)、電話等方式通知運(yùn)維人員，報(bào)警信息能毫無(wú)遺漏的傳遞到位。

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        對(duì)于直流供電系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，為了確保萬(wàn)一，都會(huì)配備直流電池以應(yīng)對(duì)市電中斷的緊急情況。而目前大容量的蓄電池通常選用鉛酸電池，鉛酸電池具有生命周期短，電池管理難度高等特點(diǎn)，如果對(duì)于電池充放電管理不當(dāng)，很有可能會(huì)造成在停電的時(shí)候電池?zé)o法發(fā)揮緊急備電的作用。華為的配電監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)具有先進(jìn)的電池管理能力，能夠?qū)﹄姵氐某浞烹娺M(jìn)行有效管理，通過(guò)定期對(duì)需電池進(jìn)行放電測(cè)試以及部分放電續(xù)充，以保持電池內(nèi)電解液的活性，延長(zhǎng)電池使用壽命，并且確保電池能有效工作。同時(shí)，配電監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的電池檢測(cè)功能，可以主動(dòng)檢測(cè)電池的電壓，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控并對(duì)異常情況作出預(yù)警。

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        As we all know, telecom industry is developing vigorously in recent ten years. By the end of 2012, the number of mobile users will exceed 6 billion, ａnd the number of broadband users will exceed 600 million. At present, the number of mobile users in China has exceeded 1 billion, ａnd the number of broadband users is close to 200 million. The digital age has closely linked the people＇s life with the telecommunications network, becoming an indispensable part. The demand for the network quality is becoming higher ａnd higher, ａnd the stable ａnd reliable network has become a major aspect of the current competition in the telecommunication industry.

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        A reliable power supply solution is the key factor to ensure the stable operation of the network

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        中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        Because most telecom equipments need DC power supply of -48V, converting the electric energy of AC power network to a DC power system with stable ａnd reliable DC power becomes a key factor to ensure the normal operation of the network. Because once the DC power system fails, it will affect the normal work of the telecommunication equipment ａnd even the risk of the paralysis of the communication network.

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        As the center of the telecommunication network data exchange hub, carrying the regional, city ａnd even the province between the voice ａnd data business transfer, exchange ａnd settlement fees etc., serving millions of users, is the core of the telecom network, it has an extremely important position. Therefore, the power supply to the telecommunications equipment in the central machine room has an important role to be ignored.

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        As a leading supplier of information ａnd communication solutions, HUAWEI has launched a TP483000D solution for the central computer room, which is a separate high-power power solution, thanks to its deep understanding of telecom network ａnd world-class research ａnd development capabilities. In the stage of product design, due to the importance of understanding the center room, so HUAWEI has always been the reliability of power supply products in the first place, ａnd from the beginning, we will focus on providing from the module to the system, ａnd then to the reliability of the whole network Telecom solutions.

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        Advanced patent technology creates efficient ａnd reliable rectifier module to ensure stable power supply from the root

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        For the DC power supply system, the most important component is the rectifier module, which is the main component to determine the performance of the whole power system. HUAWEI professional development team, through the PFC ａnd LLC＇s patented technology, to realize the low frequency filter capacitor ａnd decentralized power rectifier module device design module, effectively reduce the work frequency of the capacitor, ａnd increasing the cooling area inside the module device, so as to realize the reliability module in device level. In this design, the average failure time of the module is raised to 540 thousand hours, ａnd it is in the leading level in the industry. In addition, by interlacing PFC patent technology, the three harmonics of the rectifier module is greatly reduced, enabling THD to be effectively controlled within 3%. While ensuring reliable power supply, it also reduces the pollution to the power grid. At the same time, a series of patent technologies have improved the reliability ａnd achieved ultra-low loss power conversion. The rectification efficiency of the module has reached to 97% level, which not only makes the module achieve high reliability, but also achieves high efficiency. For a medium sized central machine room, it can save more than 100 thousand kilowatt hours of electricity per year, ａnd truly realize the high reliability of green environmental protection. In circuit control, HUAWEI＇s self developed module DSP main chip adopts advanced logic algorithm, which enables HUAWEI high power rectifier module to achieve zero line input ａnd lack of phase. At present, the industry of the traditional rectifier module need to introduce the zero line to achieve zero voltage balance, line loss is likely to lead to burn or abnormal alarm module, ａnd HUAWEI through the chip level control circuit is advanced, with the realization of the virtual zero line zero line input; at the same time, DSP is regulated by the intelligent electric. In a line deletion, module can still maintain a power output of 50%, which occurred in the extreme case, as far as possible to reduce or even eliminate the impact of back end load, guarantee center can safe ａnd stable operation of equipment.

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        Excellent distribution monitoring, perfect early warning system ａnd intelligent battery management to ensure the safe ａnd stable operation of network equipment in the center of the machine room

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        Besides having advanced technology to support reliability in modules, HUAWEI also maintains the concept of re中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜liability first in the whole power system structure design.

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        As we all know, the equipment in the central machine room is very important, which is related to the normal operation of the whole telecommunication network. We should not only ensure that the power supply equipment can provide stable ａnd reliable power, but also prevent all kinds of accidents from the beginning, including in extreme cases, the telecommunication equipment can be fully protected. For example, according to the load current fault, discrete power system of HUAWEI to the important load branch are equipped with shunt, were carried out to monitor the important load, timely understanding of the current of each channel load, ａnd to the important load branch to set up a warning, warning when the current reached the set point, the system can be issued in a timely manner alarm. The local acousto-optic alarm system is notified to the operation ａnd maintenance personnel so that the operators will be able to understand the abnormal situation in time ａnd quickly remove the fault. If there is no operation ａnd maintenance personnel in the on-site inspection, the power system is also designed for multiple monitoring alarm output, through the NetEco network management system of HUAWEI advanced or network dynamic environment monitoring system, alarm information can be transmitted to the monitoring center of relevant maintenance personnel, the fault can be resolved in a timely manner. At the same time, HUAWEI NetEco network management system remote alarm function, through the wireless signal, the alarm information through SMS.

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        近日，2018世界移動(dòng)大會(huì)在西班牙巴塞羅那正式開(kāi)幕。中興通訊聚焦5G商用，攜手運(yùn)營(yíng)商、行業(yè)伙伴展示5G商用之路上最新成果與亮點(diǎn)，引領(lǐng)5G商用浪潮，加速通往5G成功之路。

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        2017年底，5G NSA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)個(gè)版本正式凍結(jié)。按照3GPP 5G標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)展進(jìn)程，2018年6月份3GPP個(gè)完整5G標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版本R15將正式發(fā)布，屆時(shí)5G商用將正式啟動(dòng)。作為5G先鋒，中興通訊在產(chǎn)品研發(fā)、商用驗(yàn)證方面全面投入，已與全球20多家知名高端運(yùn)營(yíng)商開(kāi)展5G合作和測(cè)試，推進(jìn)5G商用進(jìn)程。在本次世界移動(dòng)大會(huì)上，中興通訊不僅聯(lián)合中國(guó)移動(dòng)、Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.進(jìn)行全球基于最新3GPP 5G NR標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的端到端IoDT測(cè)試演示，同時(shí)展示全球Sub-6GHz 5G外場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)局的測(cè)試成果。

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        全球基于3GPP 5G NR標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的端到端IoDT測(cè)試 

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        2017年2月，中興通訊、中國(guó)移動(dòng)、Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.共同宣布進(jìn)行業(yè)界基于3GPP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5G新空口（5G NR）規(guī)范的端到端互操作性測(cè)試。11月，三方在中國(guó)移動(dòng)5G聯(lián)合創(chuàng)新中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室中實(shí)現(xiàn)了全球基于3GPP R15標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的端到端5G新空口系統(tǒng)互通，系統(tǒng)互通采用了中興通訊的Sub-6GHz 5G新空口預(yù)商用基站，與Qualcomm的5G新空口終端原型機(jī)，實(shí)現(xiàn)1.4Gbps的單用戶峰值速率， 0.04ms的時(shí)延。端到端5G新空口系統(tǒng)的成功互通，是5G新空口技術(shù)向大規(guī)模預(yù)商用邁進(jìn)的重要行業(yè)里程碑，推動(dòng)了符合3GPP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)和終端產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。2018年，三方還將在外場(chǎng)環(huán)境中繼續(xù)驗(yàn)證。

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        值得一提的是，2017年12月，中興通訊、Wind Tre和Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 也聯(lián)合宣布將合作開(kāi)展基于3GPP 5G NR標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的互操作性測(cè)試和 OTA外場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)。

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        全球Sub-6GHz 5G外場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)局

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        2017年，中興通訊攜手中國(guó)移動(dòng)在廣州建立5G外場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)局，提供了全系列的5G核心網(wǎng)、基站、測(cè)試UE的整體解決方案。廣州5G外場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)局是全球首3.5GHz 5G外場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)局，于2017年6月開(kāi)通全球首5G低頻預(yù)商用站點(diǎn)，在準(zhǔn)商用測(cè)試環(huán)境下，單UE峰值速率超過(guò)2Gbps。11月，中興通訊聯(lián)合中國(guó)移動(dòng)完成該試驗(yàn)局的多基站連續(xù)覆蓋外場(chǎng)測(cè)試，多個(gè)5G站點(diǎn)形成連續(xù)5G NR覆蓋區(qū)域。

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        全系列端到端5G商用產(chǎn)品

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        目前，中興通訊已經(jīng)推出面向5G商用的系列化產(chǎn)品，包括覆蓋高低頻段5G系列化接入設(shè)備、多樣化5G承載方案、靈活高效的5G核心網(wǎng)等，為有志于在2019年規(guī)模商用部署5G的運(yùn)營(yíng)商做好了充分準(zhǔn)備。在5G無(wú)線接入側(cè)，中興通訊推出新一代5G全系列基站產(chǎn)品，包括新一代5G高低頻AAU、業(yè)界容量最大NG BBU、業(yè)界4G/5G雙模RRU，引領(lǐng)無(wú)線基站在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新走向新高度。在5G承載側(cè)，中興通訊率先推出5G Flexhaul方案及系列產(chǎn)品，覆蓋了全球1U高度同時(shí)可以支持10GE、25GE以及100GE接口的設(shè)備，業(yè)界首款T級(jí)別5G承載旗艦平臺(tái)等。在核心網(wǎng)側(cè)，中興通訊推出基于服務(wù)化架構(gòu)的2/3/4/5G全融合云核心網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品Common Core，在全方位實(shí)現(xiàn)3GPP R15服務(wù)化架構(gòu)的同時(shí)，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能（NF）和服務(wù)（Service）層面實(shí)現(xiàn)了多種接入方式的融合，助力運(yùn)營(yíng)商向5G平滑演進(jìn)。

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        全球合作構(gòu)筑5G實(shí)力

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        2017年，中興通訊在5G商用領(lǐng)域持續(xù)發(fā)力，高歌猛進(jìn)，已與全球20多家高端運(yùn)營(yíng)商開(kāi)展5G合作和中興ZXDU48 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜測(cè)試。

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        在國(guó)內(nèi)，中興通訊積極參與國(guó)家三階段5G測(cè)試，同時(shí)聯(lián)合中國(guó)三大運(yùn)營(yíng)商，積極開(kāi)展5G實(shí)驗(yàn)：攜手中國(guó)移動(dòng)在廣州建立5G外場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)局，對(duì)5G連續(xù)組網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證；與中國(guó)聯(lián)通在深圳5G NR新空口外場(chǎng)測(cè)試站點(diǎn)完成相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)驗(yàn)證；聯(lián)合中國(guó)電信在雄安、蘇州首批開(kāi)展5G預(yù)商用測(cè)試。

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        中興通訊與意大利大移動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)商Wind Tre、意大利有線運(yùn)營(yíng)商Open Fiber合作建設(shè)歐洲張5G預(yù)商用網(wǎng)絡(luò)；聯(lián)合Telefónica集團(tuán)完成了5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)和承載測(cè)試，雙方還將在2018繼續(xù)對(duì)5G端到端方案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。

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        截至目前，中興通訊已與全球20多家運(yùn)營(yíng)商展開(kāi)5G合作和測(cè)試，包括中國(guó)移動(dòng)、中國(guó)聯(lián)通、中國(guó)電信、Telefónica、T-Mobile、意大利Wind Tre、比利時(shí)Telenet、VEON、馬來(lái)西亞U-Mobile，韓國(guó)KT等。今后，中興通訊將繼續(xù)與合作伙伴一道穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)5G測(cè)試和試驗(yàn)，加速全球5G商用，共同為5G的多彩體驗(yàn)而努力。

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        Recently, the 2018 World Mobile conference was officially opened in Barcelona, Spain. ZTE focuses on 5G business leading, together with operators ａnd industry partners to show the latest achievements ａnd highlights of 5G business, leading 5G business wave to accelerate the way to 5G.

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        At the end of 2017, the first version of the 5G NSA standard was officially frozen. In accordance with the 3GPP 5G standard development process, the first complete 5G Standard Version of R15 will be officially released in June 2018, ａnd the 5G business will be officially launched at that time. As a pioneer of 5G, ZTE has invested fully in product R & D ａnd commercial verification. It has launched 5G cooperation ａnd testing with more than 20 well-known high-end operators worldwide, promoting 5G business process. At this mobile world conference, ZTE not only combined with China Mobile, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. for the world＇s first end-to-end IoDT test demonstration based on the latest 3GPP 5G NR standard, but also showed the first test results of the first Sub-6GHz 5G field test Bureau in the world.

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        The world＇s first end to end IoDT test based on the 3GPP 5G NR standard

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        In February 2017, ZTE, China Mobile, Qualcomm, Technologies, Inc. jointly announced by the industry＇s first 3GPP standard based on 5G (5G NR) new air interface standard end-to-end interoperability test. In November, three in the China Mobile joint innovation center in the world＇s first 5G laboratory based on end to end 5G new 3GPP R15 standard air interface system interoperability, system interoperability using ZTE Sub-6GHz 5G new air pre commercial station, ａnd the new 5G air interface terminal prototype Qualcomm, single user peak rate of 1.4Gbps, 0.04ms time delay. End to end 5G successful interoperability new air interface system, is an important industry milepost 5G new air interface technology towards large-scale pre commercial, promote conforms to 3GPP standard 5G network ａnd terminal industry rapid development. In 2018, the three parties will continue to verify in the outfield environment.

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        It is worth mentioning that in December 2017, ZTE, Wind Tre ａnd Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. also announced that they would cooperate to carry out interoperability test ａnd OTA field test based on 3GPP 5G NR standard.

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        The world＇s first Sub-6GHz 5G field test Bureau

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        In 2017, ZTE joined China Mobile in Guangzhou to establish 5G outfield test Bureau, providing a full range of 5G core network, base station ａnd UE solution. Guangzhou 5G outfield Experimental Bureau is the first 3.5GHz 5G field test Bureau in the world. In June 2017, the world＇s first 5G low-frequency pre commercial site was launched. Under quasi commercial test environment, the single UE peak rate exceeds 2Gbps. In November, ZTE combined with China Mobile to complete the test Bureau＇s multi base station continuous coverage test, ａnd multiple 5G sites formed a continuous 5G NR coverage area.

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        中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        Full range end to end 5G commercial products

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        At present, ZTE has launched 5G series of products including commercial, covering the low ａnd high frequency 5G series access equipment, diversification of 5G bearing scheme, flexible ａnd efficient 5G core network, for those who want to do a good job in 2019 large-scale commercial deployment of 5G operators fully prepared. In the 5G wireless access side, ZTE has launched the new generation of 5G full base station products, including the new generation of 5G high ａnd low frequency AAU, the largest capacity NG BBU, the industry＇s first 4G/5G dual mode RRU, leading the wireless base station to a new height in technological innovation. On the 5G bearer side, ZTE first launched 5G Flexhaul solutions ａnd products, covering the world＇s first 1U height, supporting 10GE, 25GE ａnd 100GE interface devices. The first T level 5G carries the flagship platform. In the core network side, ZTE launched a service architecture based on 2/3/4/5G fusion of cloud core network products Common Core, in the full range of 3GPP R15 service architecture ａnd functions in the network (NF) ａnd services (Service) to achieve the level of integration of a variety of access methods, evolution helps operators to 5G smoothing.

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        Global cooperation to build the strength of 5G

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        In 2017, ZTE continued to force, in the 5G business has been carried out in cooperation with 5G stride forward singing militant songs, more than 20 of the world＇s high-end operators ａnd test.

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        In China, ZTE actively participate in the three stage of the national 5G test, combined with Chinese three operators, ａnd actively carry out 5G experiments: to join China Mobile to establish 5G field test station in Guangzhou, on the 5G network continuous was verified; ａnd China Unicom in Shenzhen＇s first 5G NR new air field test site to complete the relevant business joint verification; 5G China Telecom to carry out pre commercial testing in xiongan, the first batch of Suzhou.中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        ZTE ａnd Italy＇s largest mobile operator Wind Tre, Italy＇s leading construction cable operators Open Fiber cooperation in Europe first 5G pre commercial network; combined with Telef Nica group completed the 5G network architecture ａnd load test, the two sides will also continue in 2018 of the end-to-end 5G scheme is verified.

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        As of now, ZTE has launched 5G cooperation ａnd the global test ａnd more than 20 operators, including China Mobile, China Unicom, China China Telecom, Telef, Nica, T-Mobile, Tre, Telenet, Wind Italy, Belgium VEON, Malaysia U-Mobile, Korea KT. In the future, ZTE will continue to work with partners to steadily push forward 5G tests ａnd tests to speed up the global 5G business ａnd work together for the colorful experience of 5G.

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        C114訊 3月13日消息（張海龍）3月2日，工信部、科技部、環(huán)保部、交通部、商務(wù)部、質(zhì)檢總局、國(guó)家能源局等七部局聯(lián)合發(fā)布了《關(guān)于組織開(kāi)展新能源汽車動(dòng)力蓄電池回收利用試點(diǎn)工作的通知》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《通知》）。

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        《通知》要求，到2020年，建立完善的動(dòng)力蓄電池回收利用體系，形成一批先進(jìn)示范項(xiàng)目、一批標(biāo)桿企業(yè)、一批關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、一批技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)！锻ㄖ返闹饕獌(nèi)容是落實(shí)生產(chǎn)者責(zé)任延伸制度，構(gòu)建回收利用體系；探索多樣化商業(yè)模式，推動(dòng)梯次利用的規(guī)；椭悄芑；推動(dòng)先進(jìn)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用，建立完善的政策激勵(lì)機(jī)制。

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        尤其值得一提的是，中國(guó)鐵塔成為了試點(diǎn)企業(yè)。《通知》稱，“支持中國(guó)鐵塔公司等企業(yè)結(jié)合各地區(qū)試點(diǎn)工作，充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，開(kāi)展動(dòng)力蓄電池梯次利用示范工程建設(shè)”。

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        去年以來(lái)，中國(guó)鐵塔積極履行社會(huì)責(zé)任，探索電動(dòng)車退役動(dòng)力電池的回收利用，助力生態(tài)文明社會(huì)建設(shè)。目前，中國(guó)鐵塔能源創(chuàng)新中心已完成《新能源汽車動(dòng)力蓄電池回收利用試點(diǎn)實(shí)施方案》的編制和上報(bào)，正在全力開(kāi)展動(dòng)力電池梯次利用的研究和落地實(shí)施工作。

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        電動(dòng)車動(dòng)力電池回收迫在眉睫

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        2013年起，我國(guó)新能源汽車快速發(fā)展，截至2017年，中國(guó)新能源汽車保有量已經(jīng)達(dá)到160余萬(wàn)輛。按照新能源車電池5~8年的使用年限計(jì)算，目前已經(jīng)有部分新能源車面臨電池回收的問(wèn)題。

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        中國(guó)汽車技術(shù)研究中心數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年，僅國(guó)內(nèi)純電動(dòng)商用車和乘用退役電池容量將分別達(dá)1737萬(wàn)KWh和684萬(wàn)KWh，合計(jì)將有2421萬(wàn)KWh轉(zhuǎn)入梯次利用市場(chǎng)。2020年后，這一數(shù)值將攀升至7786萬(wàn)KWh。

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        有統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，2016年國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)入拆解程序的新能源車電池不足1萬(wàn)噸，超過(guò)八成的回收電池滯留在車企，既潛藏環(huán)境污染和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也不利于資源的梯次利用。

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        中國(guó)鐵塔早已開(kāi)展電動(dòng)汽車電池回收工作

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        事實(shí)上，在國(guó)家尚未發(fā)布《通知》前，中國(guó)鐵塔已經(jīng)就電動(dòng)車動(dòng)力電池回收利用開(kāi)展行動(dòng)。

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        自2015年10月起，中國(guó)鐵塔已在福建、廣東、河南、黑龍江、山東、上海、四川、浙江、天津9個(gè)省份，共計(jì)建設(shè)了57個(gè)電池回收試驗(yàn)站點(diǎn)，涵蓋各類型應(yīng)用工況。

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        而在去年11月份，中國(guó)鐵塔在線商務(wù)平臺(tái)發(fā)布一則消息稱，將面向社會(huì)全面拓展長(zhǎng)期、穩(wěn)定的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴渠道，并大量采購(gòu)電動(dòng)汽車退役動(dòng)力電池及B品動(dòng)力電池。

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        今年1月4日，中國(guó)中國(guó)鐵塔在北京與重慶長(zhǎng)安、比亞迪、銀隆新能源、沃特瑪、國(guó)軒高科、桑頓新能源等16家企業(yè)，舉行了新能源汽車動(dòng)力蓄電池回收利用戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴協(xié)議簽約儀式。

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        或?qū)⒊晌磥?lái)動(dòng)力電池回收利用大戶

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        數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)鐵塔目前在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)擁有近200萬(wàn)個(gè)鐵塔，備電需要電池約4400萬(wàn)kWh;60萬(wàn)座削峰填谷站需要電池約4400萬(wàn)kWh;50萬(wàn)座新能源站需要電池約4800萬(wàn)kWh。合計(jì)需要電池約13600萬(wàn)kWh。

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        此外，以存量站電池6年的更換周期計(jì)算，每年需要電池約2260萬(wàn)kWh;以每年新建基站10萬(wàn)個(gè)計(jì)算，預(yù)計(jì)新增電站需要電池約240萬(wàn)kWh。合計(jì)每年共需要電池約2500萬(wàn)kWh。

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        這一需求量無(wú)疑讓中國(guó)鐵塔成為了電池回收利用大戶，但收購(gòu)價(jià)格將成為擺在中國(guó)鐵塔和電動(dòng)車企業(yè)之間的巨大難題。目前因?yàn)閮r(jià)格、使用壽命等因素影響，大多數(shù)鐵塔仍舊以鉛酸電池為主。這也意味著，中國(guó)鐵塔給出的動(dòng)力電池回收價(jià)格會(huì)十分低廉。不過(guò)，隨著中國(guó)鐵塔與16家車企簽約，也許中國(guó)鐵塔與車企已經(jīng)就價(jià)格、回收方式等達(dá)成一致。尤其是，《通知》的下發(fā)將讓中國(guó)鐵塔在動(dòng)力電池回收走上快車道。

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        C114 news March 13th news (Zhang Hailong) in March 2nd seven, the Ministry of science ａnd technology, Ministry of environmental protection, Ministry of communications, Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of quality inspection, the national energy bureau bureau jointly issued "on the organization to carry out the new energy automotive battery recycling pilot work notice" (hereinafter referred to as the "notice").

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        The notice requires that by 2020, a perfect power battery recycling system will be established to form a batch of advanced demonstration projects, a batch of benchmarking enterprises, a batch of key technologies ａnd a set of technical standards. Main content of the "notice" is the implementation of extended producer responsibility system, construction of recycling system; explore the diversified business model, promoting the scale ａnd intelligent echelon use; innovation ａnd promote the application of advanced technology, establish ａnd improve the incentive mechanism of policy.

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        It is particularly worth mentioning that the Chinese iron tower has become a pilot enterprise. "Notice", "Chinese tower company with the support of pilot work in various regions, ａnd give full play to their own advantages, to carry out the battery echelon use demonstration projects".

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        Since last year, China Tower has actively fulfilled its social responsibility ａnd explored the recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles, ａnd helped the construction of ecological civilization. At present, China Innovation Center tower has completed the compilation of "energy plan" car battery recycling pilot new energy ａnd reporting, research is to carry out battery echelon use ａnd implementation work.

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        The recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles is imminent

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        中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        Since 2013, China＇s new energy vehicles have developed rapidly. As of 2017, the number of new energy vehicles in China has reached more than 160 million vehicles.  According to the service life of the new energy vehicle battery for 5~8 years, some new energy vehicles are now facing the problem of battery recycling.

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        Chinese Automotive Technology Research Center data show that in 2020, only domestic pure electric commercial vehicles ａnd passenger retired battery capacity will reach 17 million 370 thousand KWh ａnd 6 million 840 thousand KWh respectively, the total will be 24 million 210 thousand KWh into the echelon use market. After 2020, this value will rise to 77 million 860 thousand KWh.

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        Statistics show that in 2016 China entered the dismantling process of new energy vehicles battery less than 10 thousand tons, more than 80% stranded in the car battery recycling enterprises, as well as potential environmental pollution ａnd safety risk, is not conducive to resource utilization echelon.

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        China＇s iron tower has already carried out battery recycling for electric vehicles

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        In fact, before the state has issued the "notice", the Chinese tower has already carried out action on the recycling of electric batteries for electric vehicles.

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        Since October 2015, China＇s tower has built 57 battery recovery test sites in 9 provinces including Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Zhejiang ａnd Tianjin, covering all kinds of application conditions.

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        In November of last year, China＇s Tower online business platform released a news report that it will expand the long-term ａnd stable strategic partners channels for the society, ａnd purchase a lot of electric vehicle decommissioning power battery ａnd B power battery.

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        In January 4th this year, China Chinese tower in Beijing ａnd Chongqing, Changan BYD, silver long new energy, optimum, China Xuan tech Thornton, new energy ａnd other 16 enterprises, held a new energy vehicle battery recycling strategic partnership agreement signing ceremony.

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        Or will be a big battery for future power batteries

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        Data show that the Chinese tower now has nearly 2 million towers nationwide, ａnd the battery needs about 44 million kWh. The 600 thousand peak shaving ａnd filling stations need about 44 million kWh of batteries, ａnd 500 thousand new energy stations need 48 million kWh of batteries. The total number of batteries is about 136 million kWh.

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        In addition, with the replacement period of 6 years of storage battery, the battery needs about 22 million 600 thousand kWh a year, ａnd 100 thousand new base stations are built every year. It is estimated that the new power plant needs batteries of about 2 million 400 thousand kWh. The total battery needs about 25 million kWh per year.

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        This demand will undoubtedly make China＇s tower a big battery recycling user, but the purchase price will become a huge problem between Chinese tower ａnd electric vehicle enterprises. Most of the towers are still dominated by lead-acid batteries because of the impact of price, life ａnd other factors. It also means that the price of the battery recycling in China＇s tower will be very low. However, as the Chinese iron tower ａnd 16 car companies signed, perhaps the Chinese tower ａnd car enterprises have reached agreement on the price, the way of recycling ａnd so on. In particular, the announcement of the "notice" will allow the Chinese iron tower to take the fast lane on the battery recycling.

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        《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》（工業(yè)和信息化部令第42號(hào)）建立電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)不良名單和失信名單，實(shí)行信用管理，使多年來(lái)行業(yè)管理觀念、思路和手段為之大變。辦法對(duì)信用管理理念的闡釋和具體制度設(shè)計(jì)，具有認(rèn)知恰當(dāng)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明確、操作簡(jiǎn)便等特點(diǎn)，將信用管理的制度功能發(fā)揮得淋漓盡致，別具一格。不良名單和失信名單，適用于電信和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)，將對(duì)行業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。

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        一、運(yùn)作原理中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        信用管理的運(yùn)作原理，可以概括為“今天為昨天的行為負(fù)責(zé)，明天為今天的行為負(fù)責(zé)”。比如，電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者超范圍經(jīng)營(yíng)電信業(yè)務(wù)情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，將被給予責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓的處罰。停業(yè)整頓，是法律對(duì)電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者超范圍經(jīng)營(yíng)電信業(yè)務(wù)違法行為給予的否定性評(píng)價(jià)，是電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者對(duì)自己違法行為所要承擔(dān)的不利后果。

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        依據(jù)《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》第四十六條，前述企業(yè)還要被列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)失信名單。依據(jù)第五條和第六條規(guī)定，企業(yè)被列入失信名單的，將不可以申請(qǐng)辦理或者續(xù)辦電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證。因此，若前述企業(yè)過(guò)去被列入失信名單，現(xiàn)在不可以申請(qǐng)取得電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證，即“今天為昨天的行為負(fù)責(zé)”；若現(xiàn)在被列入失信名單，將來(lái)在法定期限內(nèi)也不可以申請(qǐng)取得電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證，即“明天為今天的行為負(fù)責(zé)”。

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        “今天為昨天的行為負(fù)責(zé)，明天為今天的行為負(fù)責(zé)”，實(shí)質(zhì)是拉長(zhǎng)了對(duì)行為否定性評(píng)價(jià)的時(shí)間跨度。前述企業(yè)被停業(yè)整頓，已經(jīng)是對(duì)其違法行為進(jìn)行了懲處，即自己對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)，F(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行基礎(chǔ)，是意思自治和自己對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。意思自治，指市場(chǎng)主體對(duì)自己的利益和行為自主做出決定或者處分；自己對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)，是意思自治的延伸，指市場(chǎng)主體對(duì)前述利益處分行為和自主決定的行為承擔(dān)法律上的后果，包括利益和不利益。

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        從行政管理角度，對(duì)某個(gè)違法行為在考量情節(jié)輕重、違法后果等因素基礎(chǔ)上給予相應(yīng)的行政處罰，即是讓行為人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。但是，信用管理是讓行為人在已經(jīng)對(duì)自己行為承擔(dān)責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)其行為持續(xù)負(fù)責(zé)。從時(shí)間軸角度看，行政處罰或者民事責(zé)任，是對(duì)違法行為在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上給予否定性評(píng)價(jià)，而信用管理則是對(duì)違法行為在一個(gè)時(shí)間段上給予否定性評(píng)價(jià)。

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        信用管理通過(guò)拉長(zhǎng)對(duì)違法行為進(jìn)行否定性評(píng)價(jià)的時(shí)間跨度，對(duì)行為人一段時(shí)間內(nèi)從事相關(guān)活動(dòng)的能力和資格進(jìn)行限制，加重了行為人責(zé)任，可以督促行為人意識(shí)到違法后果不是一時(shí)之痛，而是長(zhǎng)久之痛，謹(jǐn)慎行為，積極守法。

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        二、運(yùn)作機(jī)制

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        （一）總體考量

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        市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)是法治經(jīng)濟(jì)，法治尊重和保障行為人的主體性，從制度上保障當(dāng)事人的意思自治。同時(shí)，民事責(zé)任、行政責(zé)任和刑事責(zé)任的設(shè)定，要考慮主觀過(guò)錯(cuò)、情節(jié)輕重、因果關(guān)系、社會(huì)影響等因素，讓行為人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)，屬于有限責(zé)任，而非無(wú)限責(zé)任，目的是保障行為人的自主性。

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        信用管理在常規(guī)法律責(zé)任之外，對(duì)行為人的活動(dòng)能力、范圍和資格進(jìn)行限制，與法治的基本價(jià)值設(shè)定之間存在一定的不同。由于信用管理在正常的法律責(zé)任之外，限制了行為人從事有關(guān)活動(dòng)的能力和資格，雖然可以督促行為人守法經(jīng)營(yíng)，但若不加節(jié)制地運(yùn)用，將不利于市場(chǎng)主體積極參與市場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，有礙市場(chǎng)活力的迸發(fā)。

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        《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》統(tǒng)籌運(yùn)用行政處罰與信用管理，在不良名單與失信名單的列入上，基本以行政處罰作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將信用管理與行政處罰二者進(jìn)行了有效銜接！峨娦艠I(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》嚴(yán)格限制列入失信名單的情形，即限于嚴(yán)重違法且受到停業(yè)整頓、吊銷許可證較重處罰的情形，實(shí)際上是將行政處罰作為常規(guī)性管理手段，將信用管理定位為非常規(guī)性管理手段？傮w上，《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》尊重市場(chǎng)規(guī)律，謹(jǐn)中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜慎使用信用管理手段，懸而慎用，更多發(fā)揮信用管理機(jī)制的威懾作用，做到寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)。

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        （二）具體機(jī)制

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        《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》第三十七條對(duì)不良名單和失信名單作了原則性規(guī)定，要求電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)隨機(jī)抽查、日常監(jiān)督檢查及行政處罰記錄等情況建立“兩單”，并定期更新和向社會(huì)公示。不良名單本身不具有限制列入主體活動(dòng)能力或者資格的效力，更多體現(xiàn)“聲譽(yù)罰”的特性，即對(duì)列入名單的主體粘貼“不良”標(biāo)簽，向社會(huì)公眾公示。失信名單具有限制列入主體活動(dòng)能力或者資格的效力，一般被形象地稱為“黑名單”；不良名單作為失信名單的過(guò)渡，可以被形象稱為“灰名單”；既未列入“黑名單”也未列入“灰名單”的，可以形象地稱為“白名單”中的企業(yè)。

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        1.不良名單的列入和移出

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        依據(jù)《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》第三十八條和第四十二條，電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者未按期上報(bào)年報(bào)信息或者受到電信管理行政處罰的，由電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)列入不良名單。不良名單的列入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有兩個(gè)：未按期上報(bào)年報(bào)信息和受到電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)處罰。不良名單的適用對(duì)象是電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者。

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        依據(jù)第三十八條，因未按期上報(bào)年報(bào)信息列入不良名單的電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者，履行報(bào)告年報(bào)信息義務(wù)的，經(jīng)電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)確認(rèn)后移出。依據(jù)第四十二條，列入不良名單的電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者，一年內(nèi)未再次受到電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)行政處罰的，由電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)移出不良名單。

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        不良名單的列入和移出，具有“易進(jìn)易出”特點(diǎn)。電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者受到一次行政處罰，就要被列入不良名單，說(shuō)明不良名單的列入門檻較低。設(shè)置較低的不良名單列入門檻，是為了督促企業(yè)守法經(jīng)營(yíng)。因?yàn)闃O易列入不良名單，企業(yè)就會(huì)格外注意自己的行為，避免輕易列入。若列入門檻較高，比如一年內(nèi)被行政處罰三次才列入，企業(yè)就會(huì)存在僥幸心態(tài)（一年被處罰兩次，就可以不被列入）。

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        被列入不良名單的電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者，只要一年內(nèi)不被電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)處罰，就可以被移出不良名單。這說(shuō)明不良名單的移出門檻低，具有“易出”特點(diǎn)。企業(yè)被列入不良名單后，很容易就能達(dá)到“移出”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，會(huì)積極守法經(jīng)營(yíng)，努力尋求摘掉“不良”的標(biāo)簽。若移出門檻較高，比如三年內(nèi)未被處罰才可以移出，企業(yè)難以達(dá)到這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則企業(yè)繼續(xù)破罐破摔的可能性就大，積極守法經(jīng)營(yíng)尋求移出的動(dòng)力就小。

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        2.失信名單的列入和移出

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        失信名單的適用對(duì)象包括電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者和其他主體，如無(wú)證經(jīng)營(yíng)電信業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)。原則上，列入失信名單的企業(yè)，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先被列入不良名單，即依據(jù)《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》第四十二條第二款規(guī)定，列入不良名單的電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者，三年內(nèi)再次受到電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓、吊銷經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的處罰，或者具有工業(yè)和信息化部規(guī)定的其他情形的，列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)失信名單。

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        需要注意的是，列入不良名單的企業(yè)若一年內(nèi)未被電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)處罰將被移出不良名單，移出不良名單的企業(yè)若在第四十二條第二款規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)被責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓、吊銷經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證，是否應(yīng)列入失信名單？答案是肯定的。列入不良名單的企業(yè)三年內(nèi)無(wú)論是否被移出不良名單，只要被責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓、吊銷經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證，就應(yīng)被列入失信名單。

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        《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》原則上將不良名單作為失信名單的過(guò)渡，但為了遏制違法，規(guī)定了可以直接列入失信名單的三種情形：一是以等不正當(dāng)手段取得電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可的，直接列入失信名單（第四十五條）；二是擅自經(jīng)營(yíng)電信業(yè)務(wù)或者超范圍經(jīng)營(yíng)電信業(yè)務(wù)，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重、給予責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓處罰的，直接列入失信名單（第四十六條）；三是當(dāng)事人被電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)行政處罰逾期不申請(qǐng)行政復(fù)議也不提起行政訴訟，又不履行行政處罰決定的，列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)失信名單（第四十九條）。

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        依據(jù)《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》第四十二條第三款，列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)失信名單后，三年內(nèi)未再次受到電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)行政處罰的，由電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)移出失信名單。

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        失信名單的列入和移出，具有“難進(jìn)難出”特點(diǎn)。“難進(jìn)”，指只有違法行為嚴(yán)重的少數(shù)企業(yè)才可以進(jìn)入失信名單，說(shuō)明《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》未泛化使用信用管理，妥善處理了信用管理與行政處罰等常規(guī)管理方式在行業(yè)管理體系中的功能定位，體現(xiàn)了辦法重“引導(dǎo)”而非“責(zé)罰”。“難出”，對(duì)應(yīng)于“難進(jìn)”，既然已經(jīng)設(shè)立較高的列入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，只有嚴(yán)重違法的企業(yè)才被列入失信名單，為了懲治和遏制違法，需要設(shè)置較高的移出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以體現(xiàn)信用管理的威懾性。中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜

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        三、制度特色

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        （一）開(kāi)放性

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        《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》主要規(guī)范了電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的申請(qǐng)、審批、使用和注銷、吊銷等內(nèi)容，所設(shè)立的不良名單和失信名單，并非僅適用于許可證的申請(qǐng)、審批等活動(dòng)，而是一種適用于整個(gè)電信和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)管理的開(kāi)放性機(jī)制。

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        根據(jù)第四十二條“電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)者受到電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)行政處罰的，由電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)自作出行政處罰決定之日起30日內(nèi)列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)不良名單”“三年內(nèi)再次受到電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)責(zé)令停業(yè)整頓、吊銷經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的處罰，或者具有工業(yè)和信息化部規(guī)定的其他情形的，由電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)失信名單”等規(guī)定，列入不良名單和失信名單的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是被電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)行政處罰。

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        通俗地講，電信企業(yè)或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)，只要是被電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)行政處罰，而無(wú)論處罰的依據(jù)是《反恐怖主義法》《網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全法》《建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量管理?xiàng)l例》，還是《電信條例》《互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)管理辦法》《規(guī)范互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)市場(chǎng)秩序若干規(guī)定》，都要納入不良名單或者失信名單管理。

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        （二）動(dòng)態(tài)性

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        · 

         

        · 

        · 

        動(dòng)態(tài)化運(yùn)作，是《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》所設(shè)計(jì)的信用管理制度的特色。所有取得電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的電信和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)，都是“兩單”的適用對(duì)象；由于列入不良名單的門檻低，企業(yè)會(huì)保有較高的注意心態(tài)，避免輕易違法進(jìn)入不良名單；進(jìn)入不良名單或者失信名單后，仍有移出機(jī)會(huì)和途徑，會(huì)督促企業(yè)尋求漂白身份。

        · 

        · 

         

        · 

        · 

        不良名單和失信名單的運(yùn)作，對(duì)于企業(yè)而言是有進(jìn)能出，伴有自新機(jī)會(huì)，而非進(jìn)得來(lái)出不去，這會(huì)強(qiáng)化企業(yè)建立正確的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念？傊，通過(guò)不良名單和失信名單之間動(dòng)態(tài)的列入和移出，以及高低不同的列入和移出門檻，可以引導(dǎo)和督促企業(yè)守法經(jīng)營(yíng)，積極尋求改正。

        · 

        · 

         

        · 

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        （三）科學(xué)性

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        · 

         

        · 

        · 

        《電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可管理辦法》對(duì)信用管理的運(yùn)用和制度設(shè)計(jì)，保持了克制，未像其他行業(yè)那樣將履約表現(xiàn)、法院判決等作為信用管理的考量因素，以保障企業(yè)的主體性和參與市場(chǎng)活動(dòng)的能動(dòng)性。辦法將處罰作為“兩單”運(yùn)作的主要判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而不是違法行為，由于處罰的成立需要處罰決定書的外在表現(xiàn)形式，具有認(rèn)定簡(jiǎn)便的特點(diǎn)。

        · 

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        · 

        相較于原來(lái)核發(fā)電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的“公司及其主要出資者和主要經(jīng)營(yíng)管理人員三年內(nèi)無(wú)違反電信監(jiān)督管理制度的違法記錄”的條件，辦法“公司及其主要投資者和主要經(jīng)營(yíng)管理人員未被列入電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)失中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜信名單”的規(guī)定，考慮了違法行為情節(jié)的輕重因素，同時(shí)極大縮減了“”在電信業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證審批條件中所占的比重，大量減少了對(duì)企業(yè)從事電信經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)資格和能力的限制，對(duì)于保障創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新具有重要意義。

        · 

        · 

         

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        辦法未對(duì)違法行為在常規(guī)的行政處罰之外設(shè)定其他責(zé)罰方式或者手段，僅是以行政處罰情況為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)“兩單”的動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)作，就可以發(fā)揮出比單純行政處罰更好的督促企業(yè)守法經(jīng)營(yíng)的效果。同時(shí)，由于“處罰”的作出需要電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展，“兩單”建立在“處罰”基礎(chǔ)上的運(yùn)作，可以督促電信管理機(jī)構(gòu)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。這些充分體現(xiàn)了制度設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)性。

        · 

        · 

        The management method of telecommunication business license (Ministry of industry ａnd information technology order No. forty-second) has set up a bad list of telecom businesses ａnd a list of dishonest letters, ａnd has implemented credit management, which has changed the concept, ideas ａnd means of industry management for many years. The way of interpretation ａnd specific system design of credit management concept is characterized by proper cognition, clear standard ａnd simple operation. The system function of credit management is very distinctive ａnd unique. The bad list ａnd discredited list, which are applicable to telecommunications ａnd Internet companies, will have a profound impact on the industry.

        · 

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        1. Operation principle

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        The principle of the operation of credit management can be summed up as "responsible for yesterday＇s behavior ａnd responsible for today＇s behavior". For example, the telecommunications business operators who operate over the scope of the serious circumstances of the telecommunications business will be given the punishment to be ordered to shut down. To suspend business for rectification is a negative evaluation of the law on the illegal operation of telecom operators over the scope of the operation of telecommunications business, ａnd it is the adverse consequences for telecom operators to commit their illegal activities.

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        According to the forty-sixth article "the management method of the telecom business operation license", the foregoing enterprise should be included in the list of the telecommunication business operation discredit. According to the provisions of the fifth ａnd sixth articles, the enterprise is listed in the list of discredit, ａnd will not be able to apply for or continue the operation license of the telecommunication business. Therefore, if the enterprises have been included in the list of promises, now can not apply for the telecommunications business license, which is today responsible for yesterday＇s behavior; if the future is now included in the list of promises, within the statutory period can not apply for the telecommunications business license, which is responsible for the behavior of "tomorrow today".

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        "Today is responsible for yesterday＇s behavior, ａnd tomorrow is responsible for today＇s behavior," in essence, to lengthen the time span of a negative assessment of the behavior. The foregoing enterprise has been shut down ａnd has been punished for its illegal actions, that is, to be responsible for its own behavior. The operating basis of the modern market economy is the autonomy of the meaning ａnd responsibility for its own behavior. Autonomy refers to the main market of their own interests ａnd behavior to make decisions or punishment; they are responsible for their own behavior, is the extension of the autonomy of the interests, refers to the market main body to decide the disposition ａnd bear the legal consequences, including interests ａnd interests.

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        From an administrative point of view, an administrative punishment is given on the basis of considering the seriousness of the plot ａnd the consequences of an illegal act, which is to let the perpetrator be responsible for his actions. However, credit management is to allow the perpetrator to be responsi中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜ble for their behavior ａnd to be responsible for their behavior. From the perspective of time axis, administrative punishment or civil liability is a qualitative evaluation of illegal behavior at a time point, while credit management is a qualitative evaluation of illegal behavior in a time period.

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        Credit management is a negative evaluation time span for violations by elongated, restrictions on the behavior of people engaged in related activities within a period of time the ability ａnd qualifications, increased responsibility, can urge the people aware of the consequences of illegal behavior is not a pain, but long pain, cautious behavior, positive law.

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        Two. Operation mechanism

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        (1) overall consideration

        · 

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        The market economy is the rule of law economy, the rule of law respects ａnd guarantees the subjectivity of the actor, ａnd guarantees the party＇s autonomy from the system. At the same time, civil liability, administrative liability ａnd criminal liability set, factors to consider the seriousness, subjective fault, causal relationship, social influence, let people responsible for their actions, which belongs to the limited liability ａnd unlimited liability, the purpose is to protect the perpetrator＇s autonomy.

        · 

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        · 

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        Besides routine legal liability, credit management limits the activity capacity, scope ａnd qualification of the actor, which is different from the establishment of the basic value of the rule of law. Because the credit management in addition to the legal responsibility of normal, restrict the behavior of people engaged in activities related to the ability ａnd qualifications, although can supervise the behavior of law-abiding, but if not control is used, will not be conducive to the market ａnd actively participate in market activities, hinder the vitality of the market burst.

        · 

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        · 

        The management method of telecommunication business license is based on administrative penalties ａnd administrative penalties as a standard. The two links of credit management ａnd administrative penalties are effectively linked. "Management measures" telecommunications business license restrictions included in the list of promises of the situation, is limited to serious violations ａnd rectification, revoke the license ａnd a heavier punishment, is actually the administrative punishment as a routine means of management, the credit management system for unconventional means of management. As a whole, the telecommunication business license management measures respect the market rule, use the credit management means prudently, suspend ａnd use cautiously, ａnd give full play to the deterrent effect of the credit management mechanism, so as to achieve leniency ａnd strictness.

        · 

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        (two) specific mechanisms

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        "Management measures" telecommunications business license thirty-seventh on the list of bad ａnd the list of promises made provisions in principle, requirements of telecommunication management mechanism according to the random sampling, the daily supervision ａnd inspection of the administr中興ZXDU68 H001 中興100A壁掛通信電源柜ative records established "two single", ａnd is regularly updated ａnd shown to the public. The bad list itself does not have the limitation to be included in the activity of the main body or the validity of the qualification, which reflects the characteristic of "reputation punishment", that is, paste the "bad" label on the list of subjects ａnd publicized it to the public. The list of lost letters has the ability to limit the ability to be included in the main body of activities.

        · 

         

         

      •  
該公司產(chǎn)品分類： 臺(tái)達(dá)中達(dá)電通 艾默生 中興 華為 服務(wù)器機(jī)機(jī)框，交換機(jī)機(jī)框 華為服務(wù)器機(jī)柜,網(wǎng)絡(luò)柜,配電柜 48v開(kāi)關(guān)電源模塊 48v高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源,OLT電源 動(dòng)力源 臺(tái)達(dá)中達(dá)電通 艾默生 中興 華為 基站48v高頻開(kāi)關(guān)電源機(jī)柜

Zoll除顫儀器PD4410電池

Zoll除顫儀電池參數(shù)：

 

1.品牌：美國(guó)卓爾Zoll

2.型號(hào)：PD4410

3.電壓：10V

4.容量：2.5Ah

5.顏色：淺灰色

6.重量：450克

7.適用機(jī)型：美國(guó)Zoll卓爾M系列除顫儀器專用電池

8.產(chǎn)地：美國(guó)

 

貝爾達(dá)科技發(fā)展有限公司總部設(shè)在北京，是美國(guó)偉倫、Masimo美國(guó)邁心諾、Zoll美國(guó)卓爾、德國(guó)萬(wàn)曼授權(quán)的中國(guó)北方地區(qū)一級(jí)代理商，自1999年創(chuàng)立以來(lái)，出色地為數(shù)百家醫(yī)院、緊急救援中心、機(jī)場(chǎng)及社區(qū)醫(yī)療等場(chǎng)所設(shè)計(jì)解決了臨床和緊急救援問(wèn)題的解決方案，提供了世界一流的產(chǎn)品和完善的售后服務(wù)。公司與多家經(jīng)銷商和代理商建立了長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的合作關(guān)系，贏得了廣大客戶的信任。詳情請(qǐng)登陸官方網(wǎng)站，歡迎您來(lái)電洽談！

 

 

 

該公司產(chǎn)品分類： FERNO 美國(guó)FERNO 上車擔(dān)架、鏟式擔(dān)架、脊柱固定板、ISO負(fù)壓隔離艙 手術(shù)器械 除顫器 光纖喉鏡 邁心諾探頭 PD4410電池 美國(guó)偉倫光纖喉鏡

1208209CF1000-1,5120V1208199CF1000-1,5230V

電話:05 92-510 759 2 傳真:059 2-514 3 540 郵箱:da lis0 01@126.com  達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q:16 9 311 86 77網(wǎng)站：http://www.xmdalis.com菲尼克斯模塊1208199 CF1000-1,5230V1208209 CF1000-1,5120V1201280 NS32CU/120QMMUNPERF2000MM2838924 CHECKMASTER5147777 BLUEMARKX15146147 THERMOMARKW20811422 GPA/SK610X610X1,5...1205516 CF3000-2,5120V5020658 SORTI4/125031524 SORTI4/241205477 CF3000-2,51658228 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-EU0811419 GPA/SK610X610X0,8...0806518 GPK/SK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806563 GPK/SK610X610X1,5SR/BK0806589 GPK/SK610X610X1,5...1658231 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-US0806437 GPK/SK610X610X0,8WH/BK0806482 GPK/SK610X610X0,8SR/BK0806505 GPK/SK610X610X0,8...2780894 IBSSOFTWARELICENCESLAVE5605942 RAD-SOL-SET-24-605606285 RAD-SOL-SET-24-802885472 RAD-SOL-SET-24-1000811435 GPA610X610X1,5...5605941 RAD-SOL-SET-24-405020438 SORTI3/82916668 VISU+RT-DPROXT2913360 VMT5017PM2885650 RAD-ISM-2400-REP-SET-BD-BUS5020645 SORTI3/75028731 SORTI3/183009176 UKH95-PE/N1201895 NS35/15CUUNPERF2000MM1201358 NS32CU/35QMMUNPERF2000MM0811406 GPA610X610X0,8...2700803 S-MAX417CEPN0806356 GPK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806424 GPK610X610X1,5...2700573 S-MAX415CEPN2985877 VISU+RTPROXT2700586 S-MAX412CEPN1208348 CF500-230V1208351 CF500-120V0806592 GPK610X610X0,8...2737407 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKITE2737575 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKIT2900616 VMT5015PM1,1DE2900629 VMT5015PM1,1EN5605992 VLC-PDK-CIT-USB2130198 UHV240-KH/KH2893914 PPC5315PMDE2893927 PPC5315PMEN2900603 VMT5015PM1,12900645 VMT5015SMDE2900658 VMT5015SMEN2893969 PPC5115PM1,1DE2893972 PPC5115PM1,1EN2916600 RFC470PN3TX5020674 SORTI2/120202303 LB100-6BU0202316 LB100-6RD0202345 LB100-6GY3121025 GTF76/482700609 S-MAX400CEPNMC2893901 PPC5315PM2900674 PPC5015PM1,1DE2900687 PPC5015PM1,1EN2916558 VISU+RT-DPRO0811794 GPEGSO2867270 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867490 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-AU2885126 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-NZ0201650 FBI100-61206829 CUTFOX101206832 CUTFOX10120V0301563 ISSBI100-6-MBT2,53001459 PS-UK3-5/Z-53001462 PS-UK3-5/Z-65147007 THERMOMARKW12877309 S-MAXSWBKWPBCODN2700829 S-MAX400CEPNII2730271 IBSPCIDDK2900632 VMT5015SM2895530 PPC5115PM1,12886976 TP121T/011750322900360 PPC5315SMDE2900373 PPC5315SMEN2867733 RAD-ISM-2400-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867089 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS2867487 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-AU2885113 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-NZ3063057 KEL24/43063060 KEL24/53063073 KEL24/73063086 KEL24/100808561 GPK500X500X0,8WH/BK2900661 PPC5015PM1,12130143 UHV240-KH/AS2130347 UHV240-KH/M16電話:05 92-510 759 2 傳真:059 2-514 3 540 郵箱:da lis0 01@126.com  達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q達(dá)利思特價(jià)Q:16 9 311 86 77網(wǎng)站：http://www.xmdalis.com菲尼克斯模塊1208199 CF1000-1,5230V1208209 CF1000-1,5120V1201280 NS32CU/120QMMUNPERF2000MM2838924 CHECKMASTER5147777 BLUEMARKX15146147 THERMOMARKW20811422 GPA/SK610X610X1,5...1205516 CF3000-2,5120V5020658 SORTI4/125031524 SORTI4/241205477 CF3000-2,51658228 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-EU0811419 GPA/SK610X610X0,8...0806518 GPK/SK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806563 GPK/SK610X610X1,5SR/BK0806589 GPK/SK610X610X1,5...1658231 VS-GOF-FA-KONFTOOL-US0806437 GPK/SK610X610X0,8WH/BK0806482 GPK/SK610X610X0,8SR/BK0806505 GPK/SK610X610X0,8...2780894 IBSSOFTWARELICENCESLAVE5605942 RAD-SOL-SET-24-605606285 RAD-SOL-SET-24-802885472 RAD-SOL-SET-24-1000811435 GPA610X610X1,5...5605941 RAD-SOL-SET-24-405020438 SORTI3/82916668 VISU+RT-DPROXT2913360 VMT5017PM2885650 RAD-ISM-2400-REP-SET-BD-BUS5020645 SORTI3/75028731 SORTI3/183009176 UKH95-PE/N1201895 NS35/15CUUNPERF2000MM1201358 NS32CU/35QMMUNPERF2000MM0811406 GPA610X610X0,8...2700803 S-MAX417CEPN0806356 GPK610X610X1,5WH/BK0806424 GPK610X610X1,5...2700573 S-MAX415CEPN2985877 VISU+RTPROXT2700586 S-MAX412CEPN1208348 CF500-230V1208351 CF500-120V0806592 GPK610X610X0,8...2737407 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKITE2737575 IBSS7400ETHSDSCSYSKIT2900616 VMT5015PM1,1DE2900629 VMT5015PM1,1EN5605992 VLC-PDK-CIT-USB2130198 UHV240-KH/KH2893914 PPC5315PMDE2893927 PPC5315PMEN2900603 VMT5015PM1,12900645 VMT5015SMDE2900658 VMT5015SMEN2893969 PPC5115PM1,1DE2893972 PPC5115PM1,1EN2916600 RFC470PN3TX5020674 SORTI2/120202303 LB100-6BU0202316 LB100-6RD0202345 LB100-6GY3121025 GTF76/482700609 S-MAX400CEPNMC2893901 PPC5315PM2900674 PPC5015PM1,1DE2900687 PPC5015PM1,1EN2916558 VISU+RT-DPRO0811794 GPEGSO2867270 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867490 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-AU2885126 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-ANT-NZ0201650 FBI100-61206829 CUTFOX101206832 CUTFOX10120V0301563 ISSBI100-6-MBT2,53001459 PS-UK3-5/Z-53001462 PS-UK3-5/Z-65147007 THERMOMARKW12877309 S-MAXSWBKWPBCODN2700829 S-MAX400CEPNII2730271 IBSPCIDDK2900632 VMT5015SM2895530 PPC5115PM1,12886976 TP121T/011750322900360 PPC5315SMDE2900373 PPC5315SMEN2867733 RAD-ISM-2400-SET-BD-BUS-ANT2867089 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS2867487 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-AU2885113 RAD-ISM-900-SET-BD-BUS-NZ3063057 KEL24/43063060 KEL24/53063073 KEL24/73063086 KEL24/100808561 GPK500X500X0,8WH/BK2900661 PPC5015PM1,12130143 UHV240-KH/AS2130347 UHV240-KH/M16 

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